The risk factors and complications of forgotten double-J stents: A single-center experience

Background: Postoperative urology patients may require the insertion of a ureteral stent. However, the delayed removal or change of the ureteral stent may lead to serious consequences for some patients. This study primarily aimed to examine the risk factors and complications associated with forgotten double-J stents (DJSs). Methods: In this retrospective study, postoperative patients who underwent DJS insertion were recruited. Based on the brand of DJS, the maximal stent life (MSL) was classified into 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month groups, and a forgotten DJS was defined as the one that had yet to be removed 2 weeks past its MSL. A total of 479 patients were analyzed. The reasons for the use of DJSs use and the time and method of their insertion were recorded, and the risk factors and possible complications associated with forgotten DJSs were analyzed. Results: The primary reason for DJS insertion was urolithiasis (69.7%), and insertions performed using ureterorenoscopy were the most common (413/479, 86.2%). Eighteen patients (3.8%) had forgotten DJSs, with an average overdue period of 63.17 days (18-189 days). Multivariate analysis revealed that patients older than 60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.626, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.070-12.289; p = 0.039) and DJSs exchanged using fibrocystoscopy (OR = 5.437, 95% CI = 1.060-28.256; p = 0.042) were significantly associated with forgotten DJSs. Out of the 18 patients with forgotten DJS, three (16.67%) experienced symptomatic complications, with one developing acute pyelonephritis, and the remaining two experiencing stone encrustation. Conclusion: Patients older than 60 years were 3.6 times more likely to have forgotten DJSs than patients aged 60 and below, and DJSs exchanged using fibrocystoscopy were 5.4 times more likely to be forgotten than those inserted using ureterorenoscopy. Greater attention with regards to tracking and recalling DJSs should be paid in high-risk patients to prevent forgotten DJSs and associated complications.