The relationship between physician case volume and in-hospital mortality of critically ill children with a diagnosis of pneumonia: A cross-sectional observational analytical study

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between physician case volume and the outcomes of critically ill children with pneumonia. Materials and methods: This is a population-based cohort study analyzed data provided from by the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, 2006-2009. Children (aged 3 months to 17 years) having records of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and a diagnosis of pneumonia were included. A total of 9754 critically ill children and 1042 attending physicians were enrolled. The children were assigned to 1 of 4 groups based on the physician's pneumonia case volume. Results: The patients in the very high case volume group had a significantly lower length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality rate, and hospitalization expenses, and a significantly higher ratio of ICU to hospital stays than the other 3 groups (P < .001). The probability of death tended to be lower when the physician's case volume was higher. The risk-adjusted odds ratio for in-hospital mortality of very-high case volume group was 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.65; P < .001) compared to low case volume group. Conclusions: A higher physician's pneumonia case volume is associated with a lower length of hospital stay, lower in-hospital mortality rate, and lower hospitalization expenses among critically ill children with pneumonia.