The impact of left atrial size on long-term outcome of catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation

LA Diameter and AF Procedural Termination.Background: The left atrial (LA) size is an important predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF) procedural termination and the long-term outcome. We sought to evaluate the long-term outcome in regard to the LA size and procedural termination. Methods: Eighty-seven consecutive chronic AF patients (72 males, 53 ± 10 years) underwent 3D mapping (NavX) and ablation. A stepwise approach including circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, linear ablation, and continuous complex-fractionated electrogram (CFE) ablation (targeting fractionation intervals of < 50 ms). Electrical cardioversion was applied to those without any procedural termination. The freedom from AF was defined as the maintenance of sinus rhythm without the use of any class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs after the blanking period. Results: Among the 87 patients, all received a circumferential PV isolation, 93% a linear ablation, and 59% a continuous CFE ablation. Those with AF procedural termination (n = 30) had a better long-term outcome when compared with those without termination during a follow-up of 21 ± 12 months. Moreover, a Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that in those with an LA diameter of less than 45 mm (n = 49), the freedom from AF rate was higher when procedural termination was achieved (P = 0.004). On the contrary, the outcome was comparable in those with an LA diameter of ≥ 45 mm (n = 38), whether AF procedural termination occurred or not (P = 0.658). Conclusions: AF procedural termination was related to the long-term success during chronic AF ablation, especially in those with an LA diameter of less than 45 mm. The favorable effect of termination decreased when the LA diameter was ≥ 45 mm.