TY - JOUR
T1 - The Conceptual Definition of Sarcopenia
T2 - Delphi Consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS)
AU - The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) group
AU - Kirk, Ben
AU - Cawthon, Peggy M.
AU - Arai, Hidenori
AU - Ávila-Funes, José A.
AU - Barazzoni, Rocco
AU - Bhasin, Shalender
AU - Binder, Ellen F.
AU - Bruyere, Olivier
AU - Cederholm, Tommy
AU - Chen, Liang Kung
AU - Cooper, Cyrus
AU - Duque, Gustavo
AU - Fielding, Roger A.
AU - Guralnik, Jack
AU - Kiel, Douglas P.
AU - Landi, Francesco
AU - Reginster, Jean Yves
AU - Sayer, Avan A.
AU - Visser, Marjolein
AU - von Haehling, Stephan
AU - Woo, Jean
AU - Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J.
AU - Frisoli, Alberto
AU - Maier, Andrea Britta
AU - Newman, Anne B.
AU - De Spiegeleer, Anton
AU - Granic, Antoneta
AU - Cherubini, Antonio
AU - AlAbdulKader, Assim
AU - Beaudart, Charlotte
AU - Clark, Brian
AU - Brown, Todd
AU - Prado, Carla
AU - Greig, Carolyn
AU - Won, Chang Won
AU - Suetta, Charlotte
AU - Liang, Chih Kuang
AU - Hurst, Christopher
AU - Rooks, Daniel
AU - Le Couteur, David
AU - Scott, David
AU - Waters, Debra
AU - Sanchez-Rodriguez, Dolores
AU - Reijnierse, Esmee
AU - Topinková, Eva
AU - Petermann, Fanny
AU - Martin, Finbarr Callaghan
AU - Bahat, Gülistan
AU - Peng, Li Ning
AU - Lee, Wei Ju
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s).
PY - 2024/3/1
Y1 - 2024/3/1
N2 - Importance: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength/function, is an important clinical condition. However, no international consensus on the definition exists. Objective: The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) aimed to address this by establishing the global conceptual definition of sarcopenia. Design: The GLIS steering committee was formed in 2019-21 with representatives from all relevant scientific societies worldwide. During this time, the steering committee developed a set of statements on the topic and invited members from these societies to participate in a two-phase International Delphi Study. Between 2022 and 2023, participants ranked their agreement with a set of statements using an online survey tool (SurveyMonkey). Statements were categorised based on predefined thresholds: strong agreement (>80%), moderate agreement (70-80%) and low agreement (<70%). Statements with strong agreement were accepted, statements with low agreement were rejected and those with moderate agreement were reintroduced until consensus was reached. Results: 107 participants (mean age: 54 ± 12 years [1 missing age], 64% men) from 29 countries across 7 continents/regions completed the Delphi survey. Twenty statements were found to have a strong agreement. These included; 6 statements on 'general aspects of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: the prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age (98.3%)), 3 statements on 'components of sarcopenia' (muscle mass (89.4%), muscle strength (93.1%) and muscle-specific strength (80.8%) should all be a part of the conceptual definition of sarcopenia)) and 11 statements on 'outcomes of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: sarcopenia increases the risk of impaired physical performance (97.9%)). A key finding of the Delphi survey was that muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle-specific strength were all accepted as 'components of sarcopenia', whereas impaired physical performance was accepted as an 'outcome' rather than a 'component' of sarcopenia. Conclusion and relevance: The GLIS has created the first global conceptual definition of sarcopenia, which will now serve to develop an operational definition for clinical and research settings.
AB - Importance: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength/function, is an important clinical condition. However, no international consensus on the definition exists. Objective: The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) aimed to address this by establishing the global conceptual definition of sarcopenia. Design: The GLIS steering committee was formed in 2019-21 with representatives from all relevant scientific societies worldwide. During this time, the steering committee developed a set of statements on the topic and invited members from these societies to participate in a two-phase International Delphi Study. Between 2022 and 2023, participants ranked their agreement with a set of statements using an online survey tool (SurveyMonkey). Statements were categorised based on predefined thresholds: strong agreement (>80%), moderate agreement (70-80%) and low agreement (<70%). Statements with strong agreement were accepted, statements with low agreement were rejected and those with moderate agreement were reintroduced until consensus was reached. Results: 107 participants (mean age: 54 ± 12 years [1 missing age], 64% men) from 29 countries across 7 continents/regions completed the Delphi survey. Twenty statements were found to have a strong agreement. These included; 6 statements on 'general aspects of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: the prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age (98.3%)), 3 statements on 'components of sarcopenia' (muscle mass (89.4%), muscle strength (93.1%) and muscle-specific strength (80.8%) should all be a part of the conceptual definition of sarcopenia)) and 11 statements on 'outcomes of sarcopenia' (strongest agreement: sarcopenia increases the risk of impaired physical performance (97.9%)). A key finding of the Delphi survey was that muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle-specific strength were all accepted as 'components of sarcopenia', whereas impaired physical performance was accepted as an 'outcome' rather than a 'component' of sarcopenia. Conclusion and relevance: The GLIS has created the first global conceptual definition of sarcopenia, which will now serve to develop an operational definition for clinical and research settings.
KW - GLIS
KW - conceptual
KW - definitions
KW - older people
KW - sarcopenia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85188821156&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/ageing/afae052
DO - 10.1093/ageing/afae052
M3 - Article
C2 - 38520141
AN - SCOPUS:85188821156
SN - 0002-0729
VL - 53
JO - Age and Ageing
JF - Age and Ageing
IS - 3
M1 - afae052
ER -