Synthesis and study of hybrid hydrogen-bonded bent-core liquid crystal complexes containing C₆₀- and Si-based proton donors

Novel hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) C₆₀- and Si-based bent-core liquid crystal (LC) complexes containing a bent-shaped proton acceptor and C₆₀- and Si-based single/double armed proton donors were synthesized and mixed to produce hybrid H-bonded LC complexes. The SmCP phases could be introduced in the hybrid LC complexes with a very high C₆₀-based moiety up to 90 mol%. Among our H-bonded LC complexes, the hybrid LC complexes with low amounts of the C₆₀-based moiety (蠆24 mol%) possessed the highest spontaneous polarization value (ca. 494 nC cm^-2), the widest mesophasic range (40.8 °C) and the lowest saturated electric field (8.8 V_pp μm^-1). Under electric fields of modified triangle waveforms, both series of hybrid H-bonded LC complexes displayed an anti-ferroelectric (AF) to a ferroelectric (FE) polar switching as the C₆₀-based moiety increased up to 24-50 mol%. Therefore, the hybrid H-bonded LC complexes containing a broad molar ratio (0-90 mol%) of C₆₀-based moiety revealed a tunable route for the electro-optical applications of C₆₀-based H-bonded liquid crystals.