@inbook{6e30a4708f1342eeb401051ba2eccfdf,
title = "Pain",
abstract = "Pain is one of the most common causes of suffering. The physiological function of pain is to alert the body of potentially noxious conditions encountered from the external or internal environment. Pain can be differentiated into acute pain and chronic pain according to its duration, with 3 months as a tentative defining point in humans. Acute pain is good for protection from dangerous health issues and relatively easy to control. Chronic pain, on the other hand, is absolutely annoying and notoriously difficult to manage. Chronic pain can be induced by various causes, such as inflammatory or metabolic disorders of the peripheral tissue, musculoskeletal strain, peripheral or central nervous lesion and diseases, etc., yet their common mechanism is hypersensitivity of the pain transmission and perception systems, which may result in a structural disorganization. The suffering from chronic pain has been a powerful driving force for pain research both in academic institutions and in the industry. This chapter focuses on the system of noxious signal transmission, from the ion channel and nociceptor to the psychological reaction, from the ascending pain perception pathways to the descending pain modulatory pathways, being facilitatory or inhibitory. Principles of biomedical interventions on acute and chronic pain are also outlined.",
keywords = "Acupuncture modulation, Acupuncture modulation of pain, Amygdala, Axonal reflex, Behavioral pain hypersensitivity, Bell-Magendie law, Biochemical neuroimaging, Brain matrix, Brain mechanisms, Cerebellum, Cortical and subcortical processing, Disinhibition, Drug modulation, Functional neuroimaging, Gabapentin, Gate-control theory of pain, Gene therapy and stem cell treatment, Glial cells, Hyperalgesia, Hypothalamus, Insula, K2P, Nerve injury-induced neural plasticity, Neurochemical markers, Neurogenic inflammation, Neuromodulation, Neuromodulation, Pain, Neuropathic, Nociception, Nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR), Nociceptive specific (NS) neurons, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), P2X3 receptor, P2Y receptors, Pain, Pain, Pain, Pain, Pain, Pain matrix, Peptidergic population of C nociceptors, Periaqueductal gray (PAG), Peripheral mechanisms, Peripheral nociceptors, Placebo modulation, Placebo modulation, Primary afferent depolarization (PAD), Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Psychological modulation, Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), Specificity theory, Spinal cord dorsal horn, Spinal pain sensory neurons, Structural neuroimaging, Tanezumab, Thalamic pain syndrome, Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), Tripartite synaptic model, Vanilloid receptor-like protein 1 (VRL1), Ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO), Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGPCs), Voxel-based morphometry, Windup phenomenon",
author = "Jun Chen and Hasn, {Ji Sheng} and Zhao, {Zhi Qi} and Feng Wei and Hsieh, {Jen Chuen} and Lan Bao and Chen, {Andrew C.N.} and Yi Dai and Fan, {Bi Fa} and Gu, {Jian Guo} and Hao, {Shuang Lin} and Hu, {San Jue} and Ji, {Yong Hua} and Li, {Yong Jie} and Li, {Yun Qing} and Qing Lin and Liu, {Xian Guo} and Liu, {Yan Qing} and Yan Lu and Fei Luo and Chao Ma and Qiu, {Yun Hai} and Rao, {Zhi Ren} and Lin Shi and Shyu, {Bai Chuang} and Song, {Xue Jun} and Tang, {Jing Shi} and Tao, {Yuan Xiang} and You Wan and Wang, {Jia Shuang} and Wang, {Ke Wei} and Yun Wang and Xu, {Guang Yin} and Xu, {Tian Le} and You, {Hao Jun} and Yu, {Long Chuan} and Yu, {Sheng Yuan} and Zhang, {Da Ying} and Zhang, {De Ren} and Zhang, {Jun Ming} and Xu Zhang and Zhang, {Yu Qiu} and Min Zhuo",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013, 2016 and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-88832-9_32",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783030888312",
pages = "1375--1433",
booktitle = "Neuroscience in the 21st Century",
publisher = "Springer International Publishing",
address = "瑞士",
}