Optimal planning of a dynamic pump-treat-inject groundwater remediation system

This study integrates the genetic algorithm (GA) and constrained differential dynamic programming (CDDP) to design the pump-treat-inject system. The proposed model considers both the cost of installing wells (fixed cost) and the operating cost of pumping, injection and water treatment. To minimize the total cost while meeting the water quality constraints, the model can compute the optimal number and locations of wells, as well as the associated optimal pumping and injection schemes. Various numerical cases reveal that the requirement to balance the total volume between pumping and injection can significantly influence the final optimal design.