Optical and holographic properties of Fe+Mn co-doped Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ crystals

Engineering & Materials Science

• Optical properties 100%
• Doping (additives) 89%
• Crystals 79%
• Photoconductivity 75%
• Holographic gratings 39%
• Charge transfer 25%
• Manganese 23%
• Annealing 19%
• Iron 18%
• Wavelength 17%
• Hot Temperature 9%
• Temperature 8%

Chemical Compounds

• Photoconductivity 97%
• Photochromism 84%
• Optical Property 58%
• Annealing 31%
• Wavelength 28%
• Charge Transfer 27%
• Red 27%
• Ambient Reaction Temperature 22%
• Time 14%

Physics & Astronomy

• doped crystals 82%
• optical properties 52%
• photoconductivity 40%
• manganese 20%
• ultraviolet radiation 20%
• luminous intensity 18%
• recording 15%
• gratings 14%
• iron 14%
• annealing 12%
• room temperature 11%
• crystals 9%
• wavelengths 9%