Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: A nationwide population-based study

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that develops mainly in women of reproductive age. We aimed to explore the risk of pregnancy complications in Asian patients with SLE. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2014, we conducted a nationwide case-control study, using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Obstetric complications and perinatal outcomes in SLE patients were compared with those without SLE. Results: 2059 SLE offspring and 8236 age-matched, maternal healthy controls were enrolled. We found increased obstetric and perinatal complications in SLE population compared with healthy controls. SLE patients exhibited increased risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (8.98% vs.1.98%, odds ratio [OR]: 3.87, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.08–4.87, p<0.0001). Their offspring tended to have lower Apgar scores (<7) at both 1 min (10.7% vs. 2.58%, p<0.0001) and 5 min (4.25% vs. 1.17%, p<0.0001), as well as higher rates of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR, 9.91% vs. 4.12%, OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.85–2.71, p<0.0001), preterm birth (23.70% vs 7.56%, OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 2.61–3.45, p<0.0001), and stillbirth (4.23% vs. 0.87%, OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.54–5.06, p<0.0001). The risks of preterm birth and stillbirth were markedly increased in SLE patients with concomitant preeclampsia/eclampsia or IUGR. Preterm birth of SLE patients was 1~4 gestational weeks earlier than that of healthy controls and the peak occurrence of stillbirth in SLE population was at 20~30 gestational weeks. Conclusions: Asian SLE patients exhibited increased risks of maternal complications and adverse birth outcomes. Frequent antenatal visits before 20 gestational weeks are recommended in high-risk SLE patients.