Deterministic spin-orbit torque switching including the interplay between spin polarization and kagome plane in Mn3Sn

Previous research has demonstrated the spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching of Mn3Sn in configuration I, where the spin polarization σ resides within the kagome plane. However, this configuration has yielded several unexpected outcomes, giving rise to debates concerning the fundamental physics governing the switching process. Alternatively, in configuration II, σ is perpendicular to the kagome plane, which bears greater resemblance to the ferromagnetic system. In this study, we show successful SOT switching of Mn3Sn in configuration II, demonstrating behaviors more akin to ferromagnets, e.g., the critical switching current density (Jcrit) and external field (Hext) are in the order of 1010A/m2 and tens of Oersted, respectively. The switching result is also independent of the initial state. We further show that the distinctive spin structure of Mn3Sn leads to unique switching characteristics, including Jcrit increasing linearly with Hext and the opposite switching polarity to ferromagnetism. A switching phase diagram is further provided as a guideline for experimental demonstrations, offering a clear physical picture for the observed phenomena.