Communication and Computation Offloading for 5G V2X: Modeling and Optimization

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is one of the generic services provided by emerging 5G wireless technology. Data traffic in V2X demands both communication and computation which is a challenge to ensure better user experience where communication and computation offloading are an effective scheme. Earlier works have only focused on communication offloading policies and algorithms. However, there have been a few analytical studies, especially on computation offloading and the role of Road-Side Units (RSUs). In this work, we propose an analytical model for communication and computation offloading to RSUs and gNB to minimize average packet delay by finding an optimal offloading probability through a sub-gradient based algorithm. Extensive simulations have been carried out to validate our model. Our results show that deploying RSUs with gNB increases efficiency by as much as 19% than deploying only gNB. Sensitivity analysis also shows that RSU service rate has 10 times more impact on reducing average packet delay than gNB service rate caused by relatively lower communication bandwidth of gNB.