TY - JOUR
T1 - CKS1B overexpression implicates clinical aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinomas but not p27Kip1 Protein turnover
T2 - An independent prognosticator with potential p27Kip1-Independent oncogenic attributes?
AU - Huang, Ching Wen
AU - Lin, Ching Yih
AU - Huang, Hsuan Ying
AU - Liu, Hui Wen
AU - Chen, Yi Ju
AU - Shih, Deng Fuh
AU - Chen, Hong Yaw
AU - Juan, Chung Chou
AU - Ker, Chen Guo
AU - Huang, Chi Ying F.
AU - Li, Chien Feng
AU - Shiue, Yow Ling
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Special thanks are extended to Dr. WC Hung (Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan) for detailed discussion, and for financial support provided by National Science Council (NSC96-2320-B-110-007) to Y.-L. Shiue and partial support from Yuan’s General Hospital (RG06-003) to C.-W. Huang and Chi-Mei Medical Center (CMFHR 9747) to C.-F. Li.
PY - 2010/3
Y1 - 2010/3
N2 - Background: Through data mining the Stanford Microarray Database, the CKS1B transcript was found to be frequently upregulated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with low alpha-fetal protein (AFP) expression. Together with SKP2, CKS1B is known to implicate p27Kip1 protein turnover promoting cell-cycle progression. Methods: CKS1B, p27Kip1, and SKP2 were immunostained in 75 HCCs and correlated with clinicopathological features, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and overall survival (OS). Silencing of CKS1B and SKP2 with interference short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) was performed in SK-Hep1 and Hep-3B cell lines. Results: Immunohistochemically, increased CKS1B and SKP2, and attenuated p27Kip1 were all associated with tumor multiplicity (P < 0.05) and increasing American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P < 0.05). Overexpression of CKS1B significantly correlated with advanced Okuda stages (P = 0.048) and SKP2 overexpression (P = 0.047). Neither CKS1B nor SKP2 was inversely related to p27Kip1, which was reinforced by no alteration in p27Kip1 abundance in HCC-derived cells with CKS1B or SKP2 silencing. Both CKS1B overexpression (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.0017) and p27 Kip1 attenuation (P = 0.0079 and P = 0.0085) were predictive of OS and LRFS, respectively, while SKP2 overexpression was associated with worse OS alone (P = 0.0043). Combined assessment of CKS1B and p27Kip1 was able to robustly distinguish three prognostically different groups (P < 0.0001). In multivariate comparison, CKS1B overexpression represented the strongest independent adverse prognosticator [OS, P = 0.0235, hazard ratio (HR): 4.193; LRFS, P = 0.0204, HR: 4.262], followed by p27Kip1 attenuation (OS, P = 0.0320, HR: 2.553; LRFS, P = 0.0262, HR: 2.533). Conclusions: CKS1B protein overexpression in HCCs is implicated in clinical aggressiveness but not in p27Kip1 turnover, implying presence of p27Kip1-independent oncogenic attributes. The combined assessment of CKS1B and p27Kip1 immunoexpressions effectively risk-stratifies HCCs with different prognoses, which may aid in the management of this deadly malignancy.
AB - Background: Through data mining the Stanford Microarray Database, the CKS1B transcript was found to be frequently upregulated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with low alpha-fetal protein (AFP) expression. Together with SKP2, CKS1B is known to implicate p27Kip1 protein turnover promoting cell-cycle progression. Methods: CKS1B, p27Kip1, and SKP2 were immunostained in 75 HCCs and correlated with clinicopathological features, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and overall survival (OS). Silencing of CKS1B and SKP2 with interference short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) was performed in SK-Hep1 and Hep-3B cell lines. Results: Immunohistochemically, increased CKS1B and SKP2, and attenuated p27Kip1 were all associated with tumor multiplicity (P < 0.05) and increasing American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P < 0.05). Overexpression of CKS1B significantly correlated with advanced Okuda stages (P = 0.048) and SKP2 overexpression (P = 0.047). Neither CKS1B nor SKP2 was inversely related to p27Kip1, which was reinforced by no alteration in p27Kip1 abundance in HCC-derived cells with CKS1B or SKP2 silencing. Both CKS1B overexpression (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.0017) and p27 Kip1 attenuation (P = 0.0079 and P = 0.0085) were predictive of OS and LRFS, respectively, while SKP2 overexpression was associated with worse OS alone (P = 0.0043). Combined assessment of CKS1B and p27Kip1 was able to robustly distinguish three prognostically different groups (P < 0.0001). In multivariate comparison, CKS1B overexpression represented the strongest independent adverse prognosticator [OS, P = 0.0235, hazard ratio (HR): 4.193; LRFS, P = 0.0204, HR: 4.262], followed by p27Kip1 attenuation (OS, P = 0.0320, HR: 2.553; LRFS, P = 0.0262, HR: 2.533). Conclusions: CKS1B protein overexpression in HCCs is implicated in clinical aggressiveness but not in p27Kip1 turnover, implying presence of p27Kip1-independent oncogenic attributes. The combined assessment of CKS1B and p27Kip1 immunoexpressions effectively risk-stratifies HCCs with different prognoses, which may aid in the management of this deadly malignancy.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77149153065&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1245/s10434-009-0779-8
DO - 10.1245/s10434-009-0779-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 19866239
AN - SCOPUS:77149153065
SN - 1068-9265
VL - 17
SP - 907
EP - 922
JO - Annals of Surgical Oncology
JF - Annals of Surgical Oncology
IS - 3
ER -
