TY - JOUR
T1 - A visible watermarking algorithm based on the content and contrast aware (COCOA) technique
AU - Tsai, Min-Jen
PY - 2009/7/1
Y1 - 2009/7/1
N2 - A novel visible watermarking algorithm based on the content and contrast aware (COCOA) technique with the consideration of Human Visual System (HVS) model is presented in this study. In order to determine the optimal watermark locations and strength at the watermark embedding stage, the COCOA visible watermarking utilizes the global and local characteristics of the host and watermark images in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. To achieve the best tradeoff between the embedding energy of watermark and the perceptual translucence, the utilization of contrast-sensitive function, noise visible function of perceptual model, and the basis function amplitudes of DWT coefficients are fine tuned, for the best quality of perceptual translucence and noise reduction of the COCOA algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that COCOA technique not only provides high PSNR values for the watermarked images, but also preserves the watermark visibility under various signal processing operations, especially the watermark removal attack.
AB - A novel visible watermarking algorithm based on the content and contrast aware (COCOA) technique with the consideration of Human Visual System (HVS) model is presented in this study. In order to determine the optimal watermark locations and strength at the watermark embedding stage, the COCOA visible watermarking utilizes the global and local characteristics of the host and watermark images in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. To achieve the best tradeoff between the embedding energy of watermark and the perceptual translucence, the utilization of contrast-sensitive function, noise visible function of perceptual model, and the basis function amplitudes of DWT coefficients are fine tuned, for the best quality of perceptual translucence and noise reduction of the COCOA algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that COCOA technique not only provides high PSNR values for the watermarked images, but also preserves the watermark visibility under various signal processing operations, especially the watermark removal attack.
KW - CSF
KW - Copyright protection
KW - Human Vision System
KW - Image inpainting
KW - Image recovery
KW - NVF
KW - Visible watermarking
KW - Wavelet transform
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=65649149757&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jvcir.2009.03.011
DO - 10.1016/j.jvcir.2009.03.011
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:65649149757
SN - 1047-3203
VL - 20
SP - 323
EP - 338
JO - Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
JF - Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
IS - 5
ER -