Survival Comparison between Open and Thoracoscopic Upfront Esophagectomy in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: The survival outcomes of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after open or thoracoscopic upfront esophagectomy remained unclear. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare overall survival between open and thoracoscopic esophagectomy for ESCC patients without neoadjuvant chemodatiotherapy (CRT). Methods: The Taiwan Cancer Registry was investigated for ESCC cases from 2008 to 2016. We enrolled 2053 ESCC patients receiving open (n = 645) or thoracoscopic (n = 1408) upfront esophagectomy. One-to-two propensity score matching between the two groups was performed. Stage-specific survival was compared before and after propensity score matching. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to identify risk factors. Results: After one-to-two propensity score matching, a total of 1299 ESCC patients with comparable clinic-pathologic features were identified. There were 433 patients in the open group and 866 patients in the thoracoscopic group. The 3-year overall survival of matched patients in the thoracoscopic group was better than that of matched patients in the open group (58.58% vs 47.62%, P = 0.0002). Stage-specific comparisons showed thoracoscopic esophagectomy is associated with better survival than open esophagectomy in patients with pathologic I/II ESCC. In multivariate analysis, surgical approach was still an independent prognostic factor before and after one-to-two propensity score matching. Conclusion: This propensity-matched study revealed that thoracoscopic esophagectomy could provide better survival than open esophagectomy in ESCC patients without neoadjuvant CRT.