Simulation of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with air-hole and air-pillar structures

Zi Xian Yang; Chia Yu Kuo; Gray Lin

doi:10.3390/photonics8060189

Simulation of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with air-hole and air-pillar structures

Zi Xian Yang, Chia Yu Kuo, Gray Lin^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Electronics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PC-SELs), with and without regrowth, are theoretically simplified as air-hole and air-pillar structures, respectively. In this paper, square-latticed air-hole and air-pillar PC-SELs are simulated by a three-dimensional coupled-wave theory model and the design guideline is illustrated with a PC basis of a right isosceles triangular and double circular shapes. The optimum PC filling factor is determined by infinite PC cavity analysis and the slope efficiency of finite-size PC-SEL is then calculated for the lowest threshold band-edge mode. In comparison with air-hole PC-SEL, air-pillar PC-SEL exhibits lower threshold gain, larger gain discrimination but lower slope efficiency. To achieve slope efficiency of comparable value, the cavity area of air-pillar PC-SEL is about four times larger than that of air-hole PC-SEL.

Original language	English
Article number	189
Number of pages	12
Journal	Photonics
Volume	8
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8060189
State	Published - Jun 2021

Keywords

Band-edge modes
Coupled-wave theory
Photonic crystals
Surface-emitting lasers

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10.3390/photonics8060189

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title = "Simulation of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with air-hole and air-pillar structures",

abstract = "Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PC-SELs), with and without regrowth, are theoretically simplified as air-hole and air-pillar structures, respectively. In this paper, square-latticed air-hole and air-pillar PC-SELs are simulated by a three-dimensional coupled-wave theory model and the design guideline is illustrated with a PC basis of a right isosceles triangular and double circular shapes. The optimum PC filling factor is determined by infinite PC cavity analysis and the slope efficiency of finite-size PC-SEL is then calculated for the lowest threshold band-edge mode. In comparison with air-hole PC-SEL, air-pillar PC-SEL exhibits lower threshold gain, larger gain discrimination but lower slope efficiency. To achieve slope efficiency of comparable value, the cavity area of air-pillar PC-SEL is about four times larger than that of air-hole PC-SEL.",

keywords = "Band-edge modes, Coupled-wave theory, Photonic crystals, Surface-emitting lasers",

author = "Yang, {Zi Xian} and Kuo, {Chia Yu} and Gray Lin",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2021",

month = jun,

doi = "10.3390/photonics8060189",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

journal = "Photonics",

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T1 - Simulation of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with air-hole and air-pillar structures

AU - Yang, Zi Xian

AU - Kuo, Chia Yu

AU - Lin, Gray

PY - 2021/6

Y1 - 2021/6

N2 - Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PC-SELs), with and without regrowth, are theoretically simplified as air-hole and air-pillar structures, respectively. In this paper, square-latticed air-hole and air-pillar PC-SELs are simulated by a three-dimensional coupled-wave theory model and the design guideline is illustrated with a PC basis of a right isosceles triangular and double circular shapes. The optimum PC filling factor is determined by infinite PC cavity analysis and the slope efficiency of finite-size PC-SEL is then calculated for the lowest threshold band-edge mode. In comparison with air-hole PC-SEL, air-pillar PC-SEL exhibits lower threshold gain, larger gain discrimination but lower slope efficiency. To achieve slope efficiency of comparable value, the cavity area of air-pillar PC-SEL is about four times larger than that of air-hole PC-SEL.

AB - Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PC-SELs), with and without regrowth, are theoretically simplified as air-hole and air-pillar structures, respectively. In this paper, square-latticed air-hole and air-pillar PC-SELs are simulated by a three-dimensional coupled-wave theory model and the design guideline is illustrated with a PC basis of a right isosceles triangular and double circular shapes. The optimum PC filling factor is determined by infinite PC cavity analysis and the slope efficiency of finite-size PC-SEL is then calculated for the lowest threshold band-edge mode. In comparison with air-hole PC-SEL, air-pillar PC-SEL exhibits lower threshold gain, larger gain discrimination but lower slope efficiency. To achieve slope efficiency of comparable value, the cavity area of air-pillar PC-SEL is about four times larger than that of air-hole PC-SEL.

KW - Band-edge modes

KW - Coupled-wave theory

KW - Photonic crystals

KW - Surface-emitting lasers

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Simulation of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with air-hole and air-pillar structures

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