Semiconductor nanoheterostructures for photoconversion applications

The ever-growing energy crisis and environmental degradation have instigated scientists to explore sophisticated, versatile energy conversion systems. Photoconversion, which conveys solar power to chemical energy, has emerged as an eminent energy conversion approach to accomplish the demands. Recent years have seen the rocketing rise of semiconductor heterostructures as an ideal material paradigm for the realization of miscellaneous photoconversion applications ranging from water splitting, CO₂ reduction and environmental purification to photosynthesis. With tailored functionalities from synergetic effects, semiconductor heterostructures come into prominence as the forefront of photocatalyst development. This topical review summarizes the photoconversion applications developed so far by employing semiconductor heterostructures, with a focus on the heterostructure design principle, interfacial charge dynamics and key factors dictating the overall performance. Future research outlooks and perspectives on the progress of photoconversion technology are also presented.