Risk of major mental disorders in the offspring of parents with migraine

Background: Migraine has been associated with mental disorders, however whether parental migraine is associated with an increased risk of major mental disorders (MMDs) in offspring has not been investigated. We aimed to examine the risk of the development of MMDs in the offspring of parents with migraine compared with those of parents without migraine. Methods: This study used data derived from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Offspring of parents with migraine and a control group consisting of offspring of parents without migraine matched for demographic and parental mental disorders were included. Cox regression was used to estimate the risk of MMDs, including schizophrenia, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sub-analyses stratified by the fathers and mothers were further performed to separately clarify the risks of MMDs among the offspring. Results: We included 22,747 offspring of parents with migraine and 227,470 offspring of parents without migraine as the controls. Parental migraine was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD (reported as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals: 1.37, 1.25–1.50), bipolar disorder (1.35, 1.06–1.71), and depressive disorder (1.33, 1.21–1.47) compared to the offspring of parents without migraine. Importantly, sub-analyses showed that only maternal migraine was significantly associated with these risks. Conclusions: Due to the heavy burden of MMDs, healthcare workers should be aware of the risk of MMDs in the offspring of parents with migraine, particular in mothers.