Plasmonic Enhancement and Manipulation of Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide

Jinwei Shi; Wei Yun Liang; Soniya S. Raja; Yungang Sang; Xin Quan Zhang; Chun An Chen; Yanrong Wang; Xinyue Yang; Yi Hsien Lee; Hye Young Ahn; Shangjr Gwo

doi:10.1002/lpor.201800188

Plasmonic Enhancement and Manipulation of Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide

Jinwei Shi, Wei Yun Liang, Soniya S. Raja, Yungang Sang, Xin Quan Zhang, Chun An Chen, Yanrong Wang, Xinyue Yang, Yi Hsien Lee^*, Hye Young Ahn, Shangjr Gwo

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Photonics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

73 Scopus citations

Abstract

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have large second-order optical nonlinearity owing to broken inversion symmetry in two-dimensional (2D) crystals. However, despite the strong light–matter coupling in monolayer TMDCs, their nonlinear responses are ultimately limited by subnanometer thickness. Here, a dramatic enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) is achieved from monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS₂) incorporated onto a 2D silver (Ag) nanogroove grating with subwavelength pitch. By tuning surface plasmon mode and second-harmonic frequency in resonance with the C exciton in WS₂, a large SHG enhancement factor (≈400) and a large conversion efficiency (≈2.0 × 10^–5) can be obtained. Furthermore, the azimuthal angle dependence of polarized SHG from monolayer WS₂ can be manipulated by the nanogroove plasmonic mode. Based on this property, a polarization-modulated optical encoding technique is demonstrated. The results suggest that 2D TMDC–plasmonic hybrid metasurface structures can provide an ideal integration platform for on-chip nonlinear photonics and plasmonics.

Original language	English
Article number	1800188
Journal	Laser and Photonics Reviews
Volume	12
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201800188
State	Published - Oct 2018

Keywords

2D materials
nonlinear optics
plasmonic metasurfaces
second-harmonic generation
transition metal dichalcogenides

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10.1002/lpor.201800188

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title = "Plasmonic Enhancement and Manipulation of Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide",

abstract = "Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have large second-order optical nonlinearity owing to broken inversion symmetry in two-dimensional (2D) crystals. However, despite the strong light–matter coupling in monolayer TMDCs, their nonlinear responses are ultimately limited by subnanometer thickness. Here, a dramatic enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) is achieved from monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) incorporated onto a 2D silver (Ag) nanogroove grating with subwavelength pitch. By tuning surface plasmon mode and second-harmonic frequency in resonance with the C exciton in WS2, a large SHG enhancement factor (≈400) and a large conversion efficiency (≈2.0 × 10–5) can be obtained. Furthermore, the azimuthal angle dependence of polarized SHG from monolayer WS2 can be manipulated by the nanogroove plasmonic mode. Based on this property, a polarization-modulated optical encoding technique is demonstrated. The results suggest that 2D TMDC–plasmonic hybrid metasurface structures can provide an ideal integration platform for on-chip nonlinear photonics and plasmonics.",

keywords = "2D materials, nonlinear optics, plasmonic metasurfaces, second-harmonic generation, transition metal dichalcogenides",

author = "Jinwei Shi and Liang, {Wei Yun} and Raja, {Soniya S.} and Yungang Sang and Zhang, {Xin Quan} and Chen, {Chun An} and Yanrong Wang and Xinyue Yang and Lee, {Yi Hsien} and Ahn, {Hye Young} and Shangjr Gwo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",

year = "2018",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1002/lpor.201800188",

language = "English",

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journal = "Laser and Photonics Reviews",

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publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",

number = "10",

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T1 - Plasmonic Enhancement and Manipulation of Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide

AU - Shi, Jinwei

AU - Liang, Wei Yun

AU - Raja, Soniya S.

AU - Sang, Yungang

AU - Zhang, Xin Quan

AU - Chen, Chun An

AU - Wang, Yanrong

AU - Yang, Xinyue

AU - Lee, Yi Hsien

AU - Ahn, Hye Young

AU - Gwo, Shangjr

PY - 2018/10

Y1 - 2018/10

N2 - Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have large second-order optical nonlinearity owing to broken inversion symmetry in two-dimensional (2D) crystals. However, despite the strong light–matter coupling in monolayer TMDCs, their nonlinear responses are ultimately limited by subnanometer thickness. Here, a dramatic enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) is achieved from monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) incorporated onto a 2D silver (Ag) nanogroove grating with subwavelength pitch. By tuning surface plasmon mode and second-harmonic frequency in resonance with the C exciton in WS2, a large SHG enhancement factor (≈400) and a large conversion efficiency (≈2.0 × 10–5) can be obtained. Furthermore, the azimuthal angle dependence of polarized SHG from monolayer WS2 can be manipulated by the nanogroove plasmonic mode. Based on this property, a polarization-modulated optical encoding technique is demonstrated. The results suggest that 2D TMDC–plasmonic hybrid metasurface structures can provide an ideal integration platform for on-chip nonlinear photonics and plasmonics.

AB - Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have large second-order optical nonlinearity owing to broken inversion symmetry in two-dimensional (2D) crystals. However, despite the strong light–matter coupling in monolayer TMDCs, their nonlinear responses are ultimately limited by subnanometer thickness. Here, a dramatic enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) is achieved from monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) incorporated onto a 2D silver (Ag) nanogroove grating with subwavelength pitch. By tuning surface plasmon mode and second-harmonic frequency in resonance with the C exciton in WS2, a large SHG enhancement factor (≈400) and a large conversion efficiency (≈2.0 × 10–5) can be obtained. Furthermore, the azimuthal angle dependence of polarized SHG from monolayer WS2 can be manipulated by the nanogroove plasmonic mode. Based on this property, a polarization-modulated optical encoding technique is demonstrated. The results suggest that 2D TMDC–plasmonic hybrid metasurface structures can provide an ideal integration platform for on-chip nonlinear photonics and plasmonics.

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KW - nonlinear optics

KW - plasmonic metasurfaces

KW - second-harmonic generation

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ER -

Plasmonic Enhancement and Manipulation of Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide

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