@inproceedings{abfc3bb742f9461f8a32682c1a082f8c,
title = "Person authentication by air-writing using 3D sensor and time order stroke context",
abstract = "This paper proposes touch-less system to use air-written signatures for person authentication. This smart system can verify a person{\textquoteright}s ID without using any mouse, touch panels, or keyboards. It benefits from a 3D sensor to capture a user{\textquoteright}s signature in air and then verifies his ID via a novel reverse time-ordered shape context. This backward representation can effectively filter out redundant lifting-up strokes and thus simplify the matching process as a path finding problem. As features to analyze a user{\textquoteright}s signature more accurately, the rates of turning point and curvature are also embedded into this representation. Then, with a weighting scheme, the path finding problem can be solved in real time via a dynamic time warping technique. Another challenging problem is the multiplicity problem which means a signature is not always written the same due to users{\textquoteright} practices and moods. Thus, an agglomerative hierarchical clustering scheme is adopted to cluster users{\textquoteright} signatures into different subclasses. Each subclass represents different within-class variations. Another key issues is the criterion to determine the threshold for verifying and then passing a user{\textquoteright}s signature. Experimental results proves the average within-class distance can gain the best accuracy. The proposed solution achieves quite satisfactory authentication accuracy (more than 93.5%) even though no starting gesture is required.",
keywords = "Air-writing ideographic signature, Dynamic time warping, Identity authentication, Shape context",
author = "Chiu, {Lee Wen} and Jun-Wei Hsieh and Lai, {Chin Rong} and Chiang, {Hui Fen} and Cheng, {Shyi Chy} and Fan, {Kuo Chin}",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-04375-9_22",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783030043742",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
pages = "260--273",
editor = "Stefano Berretti and Anup Basu",
booktitle = "Smart Multimedia - 1st International Conference, ICSM 2018, Revised Selected Papers",
address = "Germany",
note = "1st International Conference on Smart Multimedia, ICSM 2018 ; Conference date: 24-08-2018 Through 26-08-2018",
}