Low-leakage tetragonal ZrO ₂ (EOT < 1 nm) with in situ plasma interfacial passivation on germanium

We successfully fabricated gate stacks (ZrO ₂ /GeO _x /Ge) with a subnanometer equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and low-leakage current on n-/p-Ge through plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD). A 0.78-nm-thick GeO _x was formed through plasma oxidation (i.e., in situ plasma interfacial passivation, followed by 3.48-nm-thick ZrO ₂ growth in the same ALD reactor). A subnanometer EOT of ∼0.9 nm was achieved with a relatively high dielectric constant (roughly 30) of tetragonal-phase ZrO ₂ . The gate leakage was ∼ 1 × 10 ^-4 A/cm ² at V _FB -1V, and roughly 5 × 10 ^-5 A/cm ² at V _FB +1V on p- and n-type Ge, respectively. Our ZrO ₂ stabilized in the tetragonal phase, when the post-deposition annealing temperature, was higher than 500 °C. Therefore, the proposed scheme is simple and effective for use in pursuing an ultralow EOT gate dielectric on Ge.