Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan

Yen Fang Huang; Fang Chi Hsu; Jiunn Jong Wu; Yi Ling Lin; Ming Tsan Liu; Chin Hui Yang; Hsu Sung Kuo; Yen Ju Chen; Chien Yu Cheng; His Hsun Lin; Chun Che Liao; Chih Shin Chang; Jian Jong Liang; Wen Yueh Cheng; Jason C. Huang; Cheng Pin Chen; Shu Hsing Cheng; Yi Chun Lin; Shung Haur Yang; Yiing Jenq Chou

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.004

Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan

Yen Fang Huang, Fang Chi Hsu, Jiunn Jong Wu^*, Yi Ling Lin^*, Ming Tsan Liu^*, Chin Hui Yang, Hsu Sung Kuo, Yen Ju Chen, Chien Yu Cheng, His Hsun Lin, Chun Che Liao, Chih Shin Chang, Jian Jong Liang, Wen Yueh Cheng, Jason C. Huang, Cheng Pin Chen, Shu Hsing Cheng, Yi Chun Lin, Shung Haur Yang, Yiing Jenq Chou

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Understanding the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer against COVID-19 over time is important to provide information for vaccine implementation. The longitudinal NAb titer over one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the duration of the neutralizing NAb titers in COVID-19 convalescents and factors associated with the titer positive duration. Methods: A cohort study followed COVID-19 individuals diagnosed between 2020 and 2021 May 15th from the COVID-19 database from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. We analyzed NAb titers from convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) and a Cox regression model to summarize the factors associated with NAb titers against COVID-19 decaying in the vaccine-free population. Results: A total of 203 convalescent subjects with 297 analytic samples were followed for a period of up to 588 days. Our study suggests that convalescent COVID-19 in individuals after more than a year and four months pertains to only 25% of positive titers. The GEE model indicates that longer follow-up duration was associated with a significantly lower NAb titer. The Cox regression model indicated the disease severity with advanced condition was associated with maintaining NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.11–3.63) and that smoking was also associated with higher risk of negative NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.92). Conclusions: Neutralizing antibody titers diminished after more than a year. The antibody titer response against SARS-CoV-2 in naturally convalescent individuals provides a reference for vaccinations.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	506-515
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection
Volume	56
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.004
State	Published - Jun 2023

Keywords

COVID-19
Disease severity
Neutralizing antibody titer
SARS-CoV-2

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.004

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Huang, Y. F., Hsu, F. C., Wu, J. J., Lin, Y. L., Liu, M. T., Yang, C. H., Kuo, H. S., Chen, Y. J., Cheng, C. Y., Lin, H. H., Liao, C. C., Chang, C. S., Liang, J. J., Cheng, W. Y., Huang, J. C., Chen, C. P., Cheng, S. H., Lin, Y. C., Yang, S. H., & Chou, Y. J. (2023). Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 56(3), 506-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.004

@article{354de5ed67894b039b6f07d8722c52ce,

title = "Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan",

abstract = "Background: Understanding the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer against COVID-19 over time is important to provide information for vaccine implementation. The longitudinal NAb titer over one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the duration of the neutralizing NAb titers in COVID-19 convalescents and factors associated with the titer positive duration. Methods: A cohort study followed COVID-19 individuals diagnosed between 2020 and 2021 May 15th from the COVID-19 database from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. We analyzed NAb titers from convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) and a Cox regression model to summarize the factors associated with NAb titers against COVID-19 decaying in the vaccine-free population. Results: A total of 203 convalescent subjects with 297 analytic samples were followed for a period of up to 588 days. Our study suggests that convalescent COVID-19 in individuals after more than a year and four months pertains to only 25% of positive titers. The GEE model indicates that longer follow-up duration was associated with a significantly lower NAb titer. The Cox regression model indicated the disease severity with advanced condition was associated with maintaining NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.11–3.63) and that smoking was also associated with higher risk of negative NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.92). Conclusions: Neutralizing antibody titers diminished after more than a year. The antibody titer response against SARS-CoV-2 in naturally convalescent individuals provides a reference for vaccinations.",

keywords = "COVID-19, Disease severity, Neutralizing antibody titer, SARS-CoV-2",

author = "Huang, {Yen Fang} and Hsu, {Fang Chi} and Wu, {Jiunn Jong} and Lin, {Yi Ling} and Liu, {Ming Tsan} and Yang, {Chin Hui} and Kuo, {Hsu Sung} and Chen, {Yen Ju} and Cheng, {Chien Yu} and Lin, {His Hsun} and Liao, {Chun Che} and Chang, {Chih Shin} and Liang, {Jian Jong} and Cheng, {Wen Yueh} and Huang, {Jason C.} and Chen, {Cheng Pin} and Cheng, {Shu Hsing} and Lin, {Yi Chun} and Yang, {Shung Haur} and Chou, {Yiing Jenq}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023",

year = "2023",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.004",

language = "English",

volume = "56",

pages = "506--515",

journal = "Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection",

issn = "1684-1182",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",

number = "3",

}

Huang, YF, Hsu, FC, Wu, JJ, Lin, YL, Liu, MT, Yang, CH, Kuo, HS, Chen, YJ, Cheng, CY, Lin, HH, Liao, CC, Chang, CS, Liang, JJ, Cheng, WY, Huang, JC, Chen, CP, Cheng, SH, Lin, YC, Yang, SH & Chou, YJ 2023, 'Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan', Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 506-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.004

TY - JOUR

T1 - Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection

T2 - A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan

AU - Huang, Yen Fang

AU - Hsu, Fang Chi

AU - Wu, Jiunn Jong

AU - Lin, Yi Ling

AU - Liu, Ming Tsan

AU - Yang, Chin Hui

AU - Kuo, Hsu Sung

AU - Chen, Yen Ju

AU - Cheng, Chien Yu

AU - Lin, His Hsun

AU - Liao, Chun Che

AU - Chang, Chih Shin

AU - Liang, Jian Jong

AU - Cheng, Wen Yueh

AU - Huang, Jason C.

AU - Chen, Cheng Pin

AU - Cheng, Shu Hsing

AU - Lin, Yi Chun

AU - Yang, Shung Haur

AU - Chou, Yiing Jenq

PY - 2023/6

Y1 - 2023/6

N2 - Background: Understanding the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer against COVID-19 over time is important to provide information for vaccine implementation. The longitudinal NAb titer over one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the duration of the neutralizing NAb titers in COVID-19 convalescents and factors associated with the titer positive duration. Methods: A cohort study followed COVID-19 individuals diagnosed between 2020 and 2021 May 15th from the COVID-19 database from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. We analyzed NAb titers from convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) and a Cox regression model to summarize the factors associated with NAb titers against COVID-19 decaying in the vaccine-free population. Results: A total of 203 convalescent subjects with 297 analytic samples were followed for a period of up to 588 days. Our study suggests that convalescent COVID-19 in individuals after more than a year and four months pertains to only 25% of positive titers. The GEE model indicates that longer follow-up duration was associated with a significantly lower NAb titer. The Cox regression model indicated the disease severity with advanced condition was associated with maintaining NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.11–3.63) and that smoking was also associated with higher risk of negative NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.92). Conclusions: Neutralizing antibody titers diminished after more than a year. The antibody titer response against SARS-CoV-2 in naturally convalescent individuals provides a reference for vaccinations.

AB - Background: Understanding the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer against COVID-19 over time is important to provide information for vaccine implementation. The longitudinal NAb titer over one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the duration of the neutralizing NAb titers in COVID-19 convalescents and factors associated with the titer positive duration. Methods: A cohort study followed COVID-19 individuals diagnosed between 2020 and 2021 May 15th from the COVID-19 database from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. We analyzed NAb titers from convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) and a Cox regression model to summarize the factors associated with NAb titers against COVID-19 decaying in the vaccine-free population. Results: A total of 203 convalescent subjects with 297 analytic samples were followed for a period of up to 588 days. Our study suggests that convalescent COVID-19 in individuals after more than a year and four months pertains to only 25% of positive titers. The GEE model indicates that longer follow-up duration was associated with a significantly lower NAb titer. The Cox regression model indicated the disease severity with advanced condition was associated with maintaining NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.11–3.63) and that smoking was also associated with higher risk of negative NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.92). Conclusions: Neutralizing antibody titers diminished after more than a year. The antibody titer response against SARS-CoV-2 in naturally convalescent individuals provides a reference for vaccinations.

KW - COVID-19

KW - Disease severity

KW - Neutralizing antibody titer

KW - SARS-CoV-2

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85151427199&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.004

DO - 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.03.004

M3 - Article

C2 - 36967265

AN - SCOPUS:85151427199

SN - 1684-1182

VL - 56

SP - 506

EP - 515

JO - Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection

JF - Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection

IS - 3

ER -

Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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