Laser transverse modes with ray-wave duality: A review

Yung Fu Chen; Ching Hsuan Wang; Xin Liang Zheng; Min Xiang Hsieh

doi:10.3390/app11198913

Laser transverse modes with ray-wave duality: A review

Yung Fu Chen^*, Ching Hsuan Wang, Xin Liang Zheng, Min Xiang Hsieh

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Electrophysics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present a systematic overview on laser transverse modes with ray-wave duality. We start from the spectrum of eigenfrequencies in ideal spherical cavities to display the critical role of degeneracy for unifying the Hermite–Gaussian eigenmodes and planar geometric modes. We subsequently review the wave representation for the elliptical modes that generally carry the orbital angular momentum. Next, we manifest the fine structures of eigenfrequencies in a spherical cavity with astigmatism to derive the wave-packet representation for Lissajous geometric modes. Finally, the damping effect on the formation of transverse modes is generally reviewed. The present overview is believed to provide important insights into the ray-wave correspondence in mesoscopic optics and laser physics.

Original language	English
Article number	8913
Journal	Applied Sciences (Switzerland)
Volume	11
Issue number	19
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198913
State	Published - 1 Oct 2021

Keywords

Geometric mode
Laser cavity
Ray-wave duality
Transverse mode

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10.3390/app11198913

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title = "Laser transverse modes with ray-wave duality: A review",

abstract = "We present a systematic overview on laser transverse modes with ray-wave duality. We start from the spectrum of eigenfrequencies in ideal spherical cavities to display the critical role of degeneracy for unifying the Hermite–Gaussian eigenmodes and planar geometric modes. We subsequently review the wave representation for the elliptical modes that generally carry the orbital angular momentum. Next, we manifest the fine structures of eigenfrequencies in a spherical cavity with astigmatism to derive the wave-packet representation for Lissajous geometric modes. Finally, the damping effect on the formation of transverse modes is generally reviewed. The present overview is believed to provide important insights into the ray-wave correspondence in mesoscopic optics and laser physics.",

keywords = "Geometric mode, Laser cavity, Ray-wave duality, Transverse mode",

author = "Chen, {Yung Fu} and Wang, {Ching Hsuan} and Zheng, {Xin Liang} and Hsieh, {Min Xiang}",

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T2 - A review

AU - Chen, Yung Fu

AU - Wang, Ching Hsuan

AU - Zheng, Xin Liang

AU - Hsieh, Min Xiang

PY - 2021/10/1

Y1 - 2021/10/1

N2 - We present a systematic overview on laser transverse modes with ray-wave duality. We start from the spectrum of eigenfrequencies in ideal spherical cavities to display the critical role of degeneracy for unifying the Hermite–Gaussian eigenmodes and planar geometric modes. We subsequently review the wave representation for the elliptical modes that generally carry the orbital angular momentum. Next, we manifest the fine structures of eigenfrequencies in a spherical cavity with astigmatism to derive the wave-packet representation for Lissajous geometric modes. Finally, the damping effect on the formation of transverse modes is generally reviewed. The present overview is believed to provide important insights into the ray-wave correspondence in mesoscopic optics and laser physics.

AB - We present a systematic overview on laser transverse modes with ray-wave duality. We start from the spectrum of eigenfrequencies in ideal spherical cavities to display the critical role of degeneracy for unifying the Hermite–Gaussian eigenmodes and planar geometric modes. We subsequently review the wave representation for the elliptical modes that generally carry the orbital angular momentum. Next, we manifest the fine structures of eigenfrequencies in a spherical cavity with astigmatism to derive the wave-packet representation for Lissajous geometric modes. Finally, the damping effect on the formation of transverse modes is generally reviewed. The present overview is believed to provide important insights into the ray-wave correspondence in mesoscopic optics and laser physics.

KW - Geometric mode

KW - Laser cavity

KW - Ray-wave duality

KW - Transverse mode

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DO - 10.3390/app11198913

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VL - 11

JO - Applied Sciences (Switzerland)

JF - Applied Sciences (Switzerland)

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ER -

Laser transverse modes with ray-wave duality: A review

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