@article{8d15c707005347babb89ff99510f99b5,
title = "Is Systemic Inflammation Not Involved in Endoscopic Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner-Induced Diabetes Remission?",
author = "Wu, {Cheng I.} and Lee, {Wei Jei} and Chen, {Chih Yen}",
note = "Funding Information: The clinical application of IL-1Ra in human T2DM has been proven by anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1Ra. Anakinra has been shown not only to improve β cell function and prevent β cell destruction but also to help glycemic control in patients with T2DM [4]. The sustained effect of anakinra on T2DM was also supported by the follow-up study [5]. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of T2DM, and its influence on pancreatic β cells can be diminished by exogenous administration of IL-1Ra. The relationship of IL-1Ra and IL-1β has further been evaluated with purinergic P2X7 receptors, which regulate the release of IL-1Ra and are related to the secretion of IL-1β [6]. Hence, purinergic P2X7 receptors control the balance between IL-1Ra and IL-1β. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that an excess of 10-to 1,000-fold of IL-1Ra is required to inhibit the effect of IL-1β. Once IL-1β overwhelms IL-1Ra, dysfunction and apoptosis of pancreatic β cells may occur rapidly and in turn lead to the development of T2DM. In a recent paper by Chen et al. [7], IL-1β was the key factor in determining the success of diabetes remission after gastrointestinal surgery. Emerging evidence from both medical and surgical perspectives implies that IL-1β must be a crucial effector of T2DM. However, in de Jonge et al.{\textquoteright}s paper [1], they did not mention data of IL-1β before and after the implantation of the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner.",
year = "2014",
month = oct,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1007/s11695-014-1399-3",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "2001--2002",
journal = "Obesity Surgery",
issn = "0960-8923",
publisher = "Springer New York",
number = "11",
}
