Integration Time and Time-Bin Width in Ranging Histograms for a Photon-Counting LiDAR

Po Hsuan Chen; Chun Hsien Liu; Yu Tsou; Yu Chieh Fang; Li Chih Ko; Chia Ming Tsai; Tzu Hsien Sang; Gray Lin; Sheng Di Lin

doi:10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698

Integration Time and Time-Bin Width in Ranging Histograms for a Photon-Counting LiDAR

Po Hsuan Chen, Chun Hsien Liu, Yu Tsou, Yu Chieh Fang, Li Chih Ko, Chia Ming Tsai, Tzu Hsien Sang, Gray Lin, Sheng Di Lin^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

High-performance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) modules are highly demanded for advanced driving assistance system and autonomous driving. With CMOS-fabricated single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and pulsed-operated semiconductor lasers, photon-counting based vehicle LiDARs are one of the most promising candidates for low-cost solution. The high data rate and the long integration time of SPAD LiDARs are two of main obstacles for realizing commercially affordable 3-D imagers. In this work, we develop an evaluation method for the minimum ranging time and investigate the time-bin width effect on the ranging precision. A simple formula for predicting the shortest integration time is proposed and compared with the experimental data. We also demonstrate that a proper time-bin width can reduce the data rate and required memory size without degrading the distance resolution. Our work paves the way for making low-cost vehicle LiDARs through system optimizing and engineering.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5870-5875
Number of pages	6
Journal	Journal of Lightwave Technology
Volume	40
Issue number	17
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698
State	Published - 1 Sep 2022

Keywords

CMOS technology
LiDAR
ranging time
single-photon avalanche diodes
time-bin width

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10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698

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title = "Integration Time and Time-Bin Width in Ranging Histograms for a Photon-Counting LiDAR",

abstract = "High-performance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) modules are highly demanded for advanced driving assistance system and autonomous driving. With CMOS-fabricated single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and pulsed-operated semiconductor lasers, photon-counting based vehicle LiDARs are one of the most promising candidates for low-cost solution. The high data rate and the long integration time of SPAD LiDARs are two of main obstacles for realizing commercially affordable 3-D imagers. In this work, we develop an evaluation method for the minimum ranging time and investigate the time-bin width effect on the ranging precision. A simple formula for predicting the shortest integration time is proposed and compared with the experimental data. We also demonstrate that a proper time-bin width can reduce the data rate and required memory size without degrading the distance resolution. Our work paves the way for making low-cost vehicle LiDARs through system optimizing and engineering.",

keywords = "CMOS technology, LiDAR, ranging time, single-photon avalanche diodes, time-bin width",

author = "Chen, {Po Hsuan} and Liu, {Chun Hsien} and Yu Tsou and Fang, {Yu Chieh} and Ko, {Li Chih} and Tsai, {Chia Ming} and Sang, {Tzu Hsien} and Gray Lin and Lin, {Sheng Di}",

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year = "2022",

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doi = "10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698",

language = "English",

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T1 - Integration Time and Time-Bin Width in Ranging Histograms for a Photon-Counting LiDAR

AU - Chen, Po Hsuan

AU - Liu, Chun Hsien

AU - Tsou, Yu

AU - Fang, Yu Chieh

AU - Ko, Li Chih

AU - Tsai, Chia Ming

AU - Sang, Tzu Hsien

AU - Lin, Gray

AU - Lin, Sheng Di

PY - 2022/9/1

Y1 - 2022/9/1

N2 - High-performance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) modules are highly demanded for advanced driving assistance system and autonomous driving. With CMOS-fabricated single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and pulsed-operated semiconductor lasers, photon-counting based vehicle LiDARs are one of the most promising candidates for low-cost solution. The high data rate and the long integration time of SPAD LiDARs are two of main obstacles for realizing commercially affordable 3-D imagers. In this work, we develop an evaluation method for the minimum ranging time and investigate the time-bin width effect on the ranging precision. A simple formula for predicting the shortest integration time is proposed and compared with the experimental data. We also demonstrate that a proper time-bin width can reduce the data rate and required memory size without degrading the distance resolution. Our work paves the way for making low-cost vehicle LiDARs through system optimizing and engineering.

AB - High-performance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) modules are highly demanded for advanced driving assistance system and autonomous driving. With CMOS-fabricated single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and pulsed-operated semiconductor lasers, photon-counting based vehicle LiDARs are one of the most promising candidates for low-cost solution. The high data rate and the long integration time of SPAD LiDARs are two of main obstacles for realizing commercially affordable 3-D imagers. In this work, we develop an evaluation method for the minimum ranging time and investigate the time-bin width effect on the ranging precision. A simple formula for predicting the shortest integration time is proposed and compared with the experimental data. We also demonstrate that a proper time-bin width can reduce the data rate and required memory size without degrading the distance resolution. Our work paves the way for making low-cost vehicle LiDARs through system optimizing and engineering.

KW - CMOS technology

KW - LiDAR

KW - ranging time

KW - single-photon avalanche diodes

KW - time-bin width

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JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology

JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology

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ER -

Integration Time and Time-Bin Width in Ranging Histograms for a Photon-Counting LiDAR

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Keywords

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