Integration time and time-bin width in ranging histograms for a photon-counting LiDAR

Po Hsuan Chen; Chun Hsien Liu; Yu Tsou; Yu Chieh Fang; Li Chih Ko; Chia Ming Tsai; Tzu Hsien Sang; Gray Lin; Sheng Di Lin

doi:10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698

Integration time and time-bin width in ranging histograms for a photon-counting LiDAR

Po Hsuan Chen, Chun Hsien Liu, Yu Tsou, Yu Chieh Fang, Li Chih Ko, Chia Ming Tsai, Tzu Hsien Sang, Gray Lin, Sheng Di Lin

Institute of Electronics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

High-performance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) modules are highly demanded for advanced driving assistance system and autonomous driving. With CMOS-fabricated single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and pulsed-operated semiconductor lasers, photon-counting based vehicle LiDARs are one of the most promising candidates for low-cost solution. The high data rate and the long integration time of SPAD LiDARs are two of main obstacles for realizing commercially affordable 3-D imagers. In this work, we develop an evaluation method for the minimum ranging time and investigate the time-bin width effect on the ranging precision. A simple formula for predicting the shortest integration time is proposed and compared with the experimental data. We also demonstrate that a proper time-bin width can reduce the data rate and required memory size without degrading the distance resolution. Our work paves the way for making low-cost vehicle LiDARs through system optimizing and engineering.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-6
Number of pages	6
Journal	Journal of Lightwave Technology
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698
State	Accepted/In press - 2022

Keywords

CMOS technology
Distance measurement
Histograms
Laser radar
LiDAR
Measurement by laser beam
Photonics
ranging time
Semiconductor lasers
Single-photon avalanche diodes
Single-photon avalanche diodes
time-bin width

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10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698

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@article{08e6f4080e524b65b9ce5f1aee79cec4,

title = "Integration time and time-bin width in ranging histograms for a photon-counting LiDAR",

abstract = "High-performance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) modules are highly demanded for advanced driving assistance system and autonomous driving. With CMOS-fabricated single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and pulsed-operated semiconductor lasers, photon-counting based vehicle LiDARs are one of the most promising candidates for low-cost solution. The high data rate and the long integration time of SPAD LiDARs are two of main obstacles for realizing commercially affordable 3-D imagers. In this work, we develop an evaluation method for the minimum ranging time and investigate the time-bin width effect on the ranging precision. A simple formula for predicting the shortest integration time is proposed and compared with the experimental data. We also demonstrate that a proper time-bin width can reduce the data rate and required memory size without degrading the distance resolution. Our work paves the way for making low-cost vehicle LiDARs through system optimizing and engineering.",

keywords = "CMOS technology, Distance measurement, Histograms, Laser radar, LiDAR, Measurement by laser beam, Photonics, ranging time, Semiconductor lasers, Single-photon avalanche diodes, Single-photon avalanche diodes, time-bin width",

author = "Chen, {Po Hsuan} and Liu, {Chun Hsien} and Yu Tsou and Fang, {Yu Chieh} and Ko, {Li Chih} and Tsai, {Chia Ming} and Sang, {Tzu Hsien} and Gray Lin and Lin, {Sheng Di}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: IEEE",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698",

language = "English",

pages = "1--6",

journal = "Journal of Lightwave Technology",

issn = "0733-8724",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Integration time and time-bin width in ranging histograms for a photon-counting LiDAR

AU - Chen, Po Hsuan

AU - Liu, Chun Hsien

AU - Tsou, Yu

AU - Fang, Yu Chieh

AU - Ko, Li Chih

AU - Tsai, Chia Ming

AU - Sang, Tzu Hsien

AU - Lin, Gray

AU - Lin, Sheng Di

N1 - Publisher Copyright: IEEE

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - High-performance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) modules are highly demanded for advanced driving assistance system and autonomous driving. With CMOS-fabricated single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and pulsed-operated semiconductor lasers, photon-counting based vehicle LiDARs are one of the most promising candidates for low-cost solution. The high data rate and the long integration time of SPAD LiDARs are two of main obstacles for realizing commercially affordable 3-D imagers. In this work, we develop an evaluation method for the minimum ranging time and investigate the time-bin width effect on the ranging precision. A simple formula for predicting the shortest integration time is proposed and compared with the experimental data. We also demonstrate that a proper time-bin width can reduce the data rate and required memory size without degrading the distance resolution. Our work paves the way for making low-cost vehicle LiDARs through system optimizing and engineering.

AB - High-performance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) modules are highly demanded for advanced driving assistance system and autonomous driving. With CMOS-fabricated single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and pulsed-operated semiconductor lasers, photon-counting based vehicle LiDARs are one of the most promising candidates for low-cost solution. The high data rate and the long integration time of SPAD LiDARs are two of main obstacles for realizing commercially affordable 3-D imagers. In this work, we develop an evaluation method for the minimum ranging time and investigate the time-bin width effect on the ranging precision. A simple formula for predicting the shortest integration time is proposed and compared with the experimental data. We also demonstrate that a proper time-bin width can reduce the data rate and required memory size without degrading the distance resolution. Our work paves the way for making low-cost vehicle LiDARs through system optimizing and engineering.

KW - CMOS technology

KW - Distance measurement

KW - Histograms

KW - Laser radar

KW - LiDAR

KW - Measurement by laser beam

KW - Photonics

KW - ranging time

KW - Semiconductor lasers

KW - Single-photon avalanche diodes

KW - time-bin width

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U2 - 10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698

DO - 10.1109/JLT.2022.3184698

M3 - Article

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SN - 0733-8724

SP - 1

EP - 6

JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology

JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology

ER -

Integration time and time-bin width in ranging histograms for a photon-counting LiDAR

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Keywords

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