TY - JOUR
T1 - ICheck
T2 - Progressive Checkpointing for Intermittent Systems
AU - Lim, Wen Sheng
AU - Tu, Chia Heng
AU - Wu, Chun Feng
AU - Chang, Yuan Hao
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1982-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - Energy harvesting devices powered by ambient energies, instead of batteries, have been drawn lots of attention due to their advantages of energy saving, easy deployment without relying on stable power sources, and smaller sizes, facilitating promising applications, such as environmental and health monitoring. These devices perform the computations intermittently, where the code executions are halted and resumed depending on the availability of the harvested energy. On such devices, the capacitors are present and served as the energy buffers for preserving the program states when sudden power outages occur. Nevertheless, the capacitors have relatively shorter lifetimes, compared with the rest of hardware components on the devices, and larger capacitors, which are desired by the systems requiring complex computations, hamper the achievement of device miniaturization, e.g., for medical implants or smart dust. In this article, we propose a new intermittent checkpointing strategy, iCheck, to tackle the issues raised for the program-state retaining when the capacitors are not functioning correctly (or when the capacitor-less devices are adopted). The proposed iCheck is designed to perform the checkpointing-based program-state preserving progressively with being aware of the power-failure characteristics of the harvested energy source to maximize the progress forwarding and to ensure data consistency while encountering incomplete checkpoints caused by sudden power losses. The proposed design is evaluated with a series of experiments with encouraging results.
AB - Energy harvesting devices powered by ambient energies, instead of batteries, have been drawn lots of attention due to their advantages of energy saving, easy deployment without relying on stable power sources, and smaller sizes, facilitating promising applications, such as environmental and health monitoring. These devices perform the computations intermittently, where the code executions are halted and resumed depending on the availability of the harvested energy. On such devices, the capacitors are present and served as the energy buffers for preserving the program states when sudden power outages occur. Nevertheless, the capacitors have relatively shorter lifetimes, compared with the rest of hardware components on the devices, and larger capacitors, which are desired by the systems requiring complex computations, hamper the achievement of device miniaturization, e.g., for medical implants or smart dust. In this article, we propose a new intermittent checkpointing strategy, iCheck, to tackle the issues raised for the program-state retaining when the capacitors are not functioning correctly (or when the capacitor-less devices are adopted). The proposed iCheck is designed to perform the checkpointing-based program-state preserving progressively with being aware of the power-failure characteristics of the harvested energy source to maximize the progress forwarding and to ensure data consistency while encountering incomplete checkpoints caused by sudden power losses. The proposed design is evaluated with a series of experiments with encouraging results.
KW - Capacitor-less systems
KW - energy harvesting systems
KW - intermittent systems
KW - progressive checkpointing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098781207&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TCAD.2020.3046571
DO - 10.1109/TCAD.2020.3046571
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85098781207
SN - 0278-0070
VL - 40
SP - 2224
EP - 2236
JO - IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
JF - IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
IS - 11
ER -