Growing a 'cosmic beast': Observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745

M. Jauzac; D. Eckert; M. Schaller; J. Schwinn; R. Massey; Y. Bahé; C. Baugh; D. Barnes; C. Dalla Vecchia; H. Ebeling; D. Harvey; E. Jullo; S. T. Kay; J. P. Kneib; M. Limousin; E. Medezinski; P. Natarajan; M. Nonino; A. Robertson; S. I. Tam; K. Umetsu

doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2366

Growing a 'cosmic beast': Observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745

M. Jauzac^*, D. Eckert, M. Schaller, J. Schwinn, R. Massey, Y. Bahé, C. Baugh, D. Barnes, C. Dalla Vecchia, H. Ebeling, D. Harvey, E. Jullo, S. T. Kay, J. P. Kneib, M. Limousin, E. Medezinski, P. Natarajan, M. Nonino, A. Robertson, S. I. TamK. Umetsu

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

33 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present a gravitational lensing and X-ray analysis of a massive galaxy cluster and its surroundings. The core of MACS J0717.5+3745 (M(R < 1Mpc) ~2 × 10¹⁵ M_⊙, z = 0.54) is already known to contain four merging components. We show that this is surrounded by at least seven additional substructures with masses ranging 3.8-6.5 × 10¹³ M_⊙, at projected radii 1.6-4.9 Mpc. We compare MACS J0717 to mock lensing and X-ray observations of similarly rich clusters in cosmological simulations. The low gas fraction of substructures predicted by simulations turns out to match our observed values of 1-4 per cent. Comparing our data to three similar simulated haloes, we infer a typical growth rate and substructure infall velocity. That suggests MACS J0717 could evolve into a system similar to, but more massive than, Abell 2744 by z = 0.31, and into a ~10¹⁶ M_⊙ supercluster by z = 0. The radial distribution of infalling substructure suggests that merger events are strongly episodic; however, we find that the smooth accretion of surrounding material remains the main source of mass growth even for such massive clusters.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2901-2917
Number of pages	17
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	481
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2366
State	Published - 11 Dec 2018

Keywords

Dark matter
Galaxy clusters: individual (MACSJ0717.5+3745)
Gravitational lensing
Large-scale structure of Universe

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10.1093/mnras/sty2366

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Jauzac, M., Eckert, D., Schaller, M., Schwinn, J., Massey, R., Bahé, Y., Baugh, C., Barnes, D., Dalla Vecchia, C., Ebeling, H., Harvey, D., Jullo, E., Kay, S. T., Kneib, J. P., Limousin, M., Medezinski, E., Natarajan, P., Nonino, M., Robertson, A., ... Umetsu, K. (2018). Growing a 'cosmic beast': Observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 481(3), 2901-2917. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2366

@article{865c79d85fdd4a72a4c5ea8a46599446,

title = "Growing a 'cosmic beast': Observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745",

abstract = "We present a gravitational lensing and X-ray analysis of a massive galaxy cluster and its surroundings. The core of MACS J0717.5+3745 (M(R < 1Mpc) ~2 × 1015 M⊙, z = 0.54) is already known to contain four merging components. We show that this is surrounded by at least seven additional substructures with masses ranging 3.8-6.5 × 1013 M⊙, at projected radii 1.6-4.9 Mpc. We compare MACS J0717 to mock lensing and X-ray observations of similarly rich clusters in cosmological simulations. The low gas fraction of substructures predicted by simulations turns out to match our observed values of 1-4 per cent. Comparing our data to three similar simulated haloes, we infer a typical growth rate and substructure infall velocity. That suggests MACS J0717 could evolve into a system similar to, but more massive than, Abell 2744 by z = 0.31, and into a ~1016 M⊙ supercluster by z = 0. The radial distribution of infalling substructure suggests that merger events are strongly episodic; however, we find that the smooth accretion of surrounding material remains the main source of mass growth even for such massive clusters.",

keywords = "Dark matter, Galaxy clusters: individual (MACSJ0717.5+3745), Gravitational lensing, Large-scale structure of Universe",

author = "M. Jauzac and D. Eckert and M. Schaller and J. Schwinn and R. Massey and Y. Bah{\'e} and C. Baugh and D. Barnes and {Dalla Vecchia}, C. and H. Ebeling and D. Harvey and E. Jullo and Kay, {S. T.} and Kneib, {J. P.} and M. Limousin and E. Medezinski and P. Natarajan and M. Nonino and A. Robertson and Tam, {S. I.} and K. Umetsu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2018",

month = dec,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/sty2366",

language = "English",

volume = "481",

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Jauzac, M, Eckert, D, Schaller, M, Schwinn, J, Massey, R, Bahé, Y, Baugh, C, Barnes, D, Dalla Vecchia, C, Ebeling, H, Harvey, D, Jullo, E, Kay, ST, Kneib, JP, Limousin, M, Medezinski, E, Natarajan, P, Nonino, M, Robertson, A, Tam, SI & Umetsu, K 2018, 'Growing a 'cosmic beast': Observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 481, no. 3, pp. 2901-2917. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2366

TY - JOUR

T1 - Growing a 'cosmic beast'

T2 - Observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745

AU - Jauzac, M.

AU - Eckert, D.

AU - Schaller, M.

AU - Schwinn, J.

AU - Massey, R.

AU - Bahé, Y.

AU - Baugh, C.

AU - Barnes, D.

AU - Dalla Vecchia, C.

AU - Ebeling, H.

AU - Harvey, D.

AU - Jullo, E.

AU - Kay, S. T.

AU - Kneib, J. P.

AU - Limousin, M.

AU - Medezinski, E.

AU - Natarajan, P.

AU - Nonino, M.

AU - Robertson, A.

AU - Tam, S. I.

AU - Umetsu, K.

PY - 2018/12/11

Y1 - 2018/12/11

N2 - We present a gravitational lensing and X-ray analysis of a massive galaxy cluster and its surroundings. The core of MACS J0717.5+3745 (M(R < 1Mpc) ~2 × 1015 M⊙, z = 0.54) is already known to contain four merging components. We show that this is surrounded by at least seven additional substructures with masses ranging 3.8-6.5 × 1013 M⊙, at projected radii 1.6-4.9 Mpc. We compare MACS J0717 to mock lensing and X-ray observations of similarly rich clusters in cosmological simulations. The low gas fraction of substructures predicted by simulations turns out to match our observed values of 1-4 per cent. Comparing our data to three similar simulated haloes, we infer a typical growth rate and substructure infall velocity. That suggests MACS J0717 could evolve into a system similar to, but more massive than, Abell 2744 by z = 0.31, and into a ~1016 M⊙ supercluster by z = 0. The radial distribution of infalling substructure suggests that merger events are strongly episodic; however, we find that the smooth accretion of surrounding material remains the main source of mass growth even for such massive clusters.

AB - We present a gravitational lensing and X-ray analysis of a massive galaxy cluster and its surroundings. The core of MACS J0717.5+3745 (M(R < 1Mpc) ~2 × 1015 M⊙, z = 0.54) is already known to contain four merging components. We show that this is surrounded by at least seven additional substructures with masses ranging 3.8-6.5 × 1013 M⊙, at projected radii 1.6-4.9 Mpc. We compare MACS J0717 to mock lensing and X-ray observations of similarly rich clusters in cosmological simulations. The low gas fraction of substructures predicted by simulations turns out to match our observed values of 1-4 per cent. Comparing our data to three similar simulated haloes, we infer a typical growth rate and substructure infall velocity. That suggests MACS J0717 could evolve into a system similar to, but more massive than, Abell 2744 by z = 0.31, and into a ~1016 M⊙ supercluster by z = 0. The radial distribution of infalling substructure suggests that merger events are strongly episodic; however, we find that the smooth accretion of surrounding material remains the main source of mass growth even for such massive clusters.

KW - Dark matter

KW - Galaxy clusters: individual (MACSJ0717.5+3745)

KW - Gravitational lensing

KW - Large-scale structure of Universe

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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/sty2366

DO - 10.1093/mnras/sty2366

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85054277185

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 481

SP - 2901

EP - 2917

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 3

ER -

Growing a 'cosmic beast': Observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745

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