Enhancing fracture toughness of glass/epoxy composites for wind blades using silica nanoparticles and rubber particles

The research aims to investigate the interlaminar fracture toughness of glass fiber/epoxy composites, which consist of the silica nanoparticles and the rubber particles. Two kinds of rubber particles, one is the reactive liquid rubber (CTBN) and the other is the core-shell rubber (CSR), were employed to modify the fracture toughness of epoxy resin. In general, the disadvantage of adding rubber particles into polymeric resin is the dramatic reduction of stiffness although the toughness could be modified accordingly. In order to enhance the fracture toughness of the fiber composites without sacrificing their stiffness, the silica nanoparticles in conjunction with the rubber particles were introduced concurrently into the epoxy matrix to form a hybrid nanocomposite. Experimental results obtained from tensile tests on bulk epoxy confirm the presumption that the reduction of the epoxy stiffness because of the presence of rubber particles can be effectively compensated by the silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, the fracture tests conducted on the DCB specimens revealed that the inclusion of silica nanoparticles together with the CSR particle can appreciably increase the fracture toughness of the glass/epoxy composites up to 82%. On the other hand, when the epoxy matrices were modified with CTBN rubber particles and silica nanoparticles, the improvement of the interlaminar fracture toughness was around 48%.