TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrochromic polymers based on 3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile and bithiophene as anodically coloring films for high-contrast and rapid switching electrochromic devices
AU - Kuo, Chung Wen
AU - Chang, Jui Cheng
AU - Chang, Jeng Kuei
AU - Hsieh, Wei Che
AU - Lee, Pei Ying
AU - Wu, Tzi Yi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/9/15
Y1 - 2022/9/15
N2 - A 3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (CzBN)-containing homopolymer (P(CzBN)) and five CzBN-containing 2,2′-bithiophene (BTP) copolymers, namely (P(CzBN-co-BTP)), P(CzBN-co-BTP2), P(CzBN-co-BTP3), P(CzBN-co-BTP4), and P(CzBN2-co-BTP), with various feeding molar ratios of CzBN and BTP were electrodeposited on transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, and their electrochromic performances were characterized. The P(CzBN-co-BTP4) film exhibited distinct electrochromic behaviors and displayed three different colors (brown, grayish-blue, and olive green) at different potentials. Electrochromic kinetic analyses of the anodic polymers revealed that P(CzBN-co-BTP) had a high transmittance change (ΔT%) (59.6% at 960 nm) and high coloration efficiency (η) (174.3 cm2/C at 960 nm) in three-electrode cells. Six dual-layer organic electrochromic devices (ECDs) were constructed using P(CzBN), P(CzBN-co-BTP), P(CzBN-co-BTP2), P(CzBN-co-BTP3), P(CzBN-co-BTP4), or P(CzBN2-co-BTP) as the anodically coloring layers and PEDOT as the cathodically coloring layer. The P(CzBN-co-BTP2)/PEDOT ECD had a high ΔT (43.7% at 627 nm) and a rapid response time (≤2.0 s), while the P(CzBN)/PEDOT ECD had a high η (616.7 cm2/C at 625 nm) and adequate optical memories. These electrochromic results suggest that cyano-containing polycarbazoles are promising high-contrast and rapid-response electrodes for ECD applications.
AB - A 3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (CzBN)-containing homopolymer (P(CzBN)) and five CzBN-containing 2,2′-bithiophene (BTP) copolymers, namely (P(CzBN-co-BTP)), P(CzBN-co-BTP2), P(CzBN-co-BTP3), P(CzBN-co-BTP4), and P(CzBN2-co-BTP), with various feeding molar ratios of CzBN and BTP were electrodeposited on transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, and their electrochromic performances were characterized. The P(CzBN-co-BTP4) film exhibited distinct electrochromic behaviors and displayed three different colors (brown, grayish-blue, and olive green) at different potentials. Electrochromic kinetic analyses of the anodic polymers revealed that P(CzBN-co-BTP) had a high transmittance change (ΔT%) (59.6% at 960 nm) and high coloration efficiency (η) (174.3 cm2/C at 960 nm) in three-electrode cells. Six dual-layer organic electrochromic devices (ECDs) were constructed using P(CzBN), P(CzBN-co-BTP), P(CzBN-co-BTP2), P(CzBN-co-BTP3), P(CzBN-co-BTP4), or P(CzBN2-co-BTP) as the anodically coloring layers and PEDOT as the cathodically coloring layer. The P(CzBN-co-BTP2)/PEDOT ECD had a high ΔT (43.7% at 627 nm) and a rapid response time (≤2.0 s), while the P(CzBN)/PEDOT ECD had a high η (616.7 cm2/C at 625 nm) and adequate optical memories. These electrochromic results suggest that cyano-containing polycarbazoles are promising high-contrast and rapid-response electrodes for ECD applications.
KW - Anodically coloring material
KW - Electrochromic device
KW - Electrodeposition
KW - Redox cycling stability
KW - Switching time
KW - Transmittance variation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135415933&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116659
DO - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116659
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85135415933
SN - 1572-6657
VL - 921
JO - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
JF - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
M1 - 116659
ER -