TY - JOUR
T1 - Design of Silicon Photonics Integrated Bulk Zigzag and Sinusoidal Structured Mode Conversion Devices Using Genetic Algorithm (GA) Optimization
AU - Yu, Tien Wei
AU - Chow, Chi Wai
AU - Kuo, Pin Cheng
AU - Lin, Yuan Zeng
AU - Hung, Tun Yao
AU - Jian, Yin He
AU - Yeh, Chien Hung
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - To increase the optical interconnect transmission capacity, different multiplexing technologies, including wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), polarization division multiplexing (PolDM) and mode division multiplexing (MDM), can be utilized. Among them, MDM is a promising technique in silicon photonics (SiPh) integrated optical interconnects since higher order modes can be easily generated and preserved in SiPh waveguides. In this work, we propose and demonstrate the designs of SiPh-based bulk zigzag and sinusoidal structured MDM mode conversion devices using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. A traditional periodic zigzag structured mode converter design has many sharp zigzag angles in the periodic structure, which are very sensitive to the fabrication error. Here, first of all, we propose and demonstrate a bulk zigzag structure to achieve MDM mode conversion. The proposed bulk zigzag structure can reduce the zigzag angle error as a large number of zigzag angles in the periodic structure are eliminated. Moreover, we further improve our device by proposing a bulk sinusoidal structure to further eliminate the zigzag angle. Results show that both the proposed bulk zigzag and sinusoidal MDM mode converters can still maintain high transmissions of >86%, while the mode conversion lengths of both devices can be significantly reduced by >60% in the C-band wavelength window. In addition, as there are many degrees of freedom (DOFs) during the design of the SiPh mode converter, including the waveguide width, length, period, zigzag angle, etch depth, duty cycle, etc., the GA optimization algorithm is employed. Here, detailed implementation of the GA optimization is discussed.
AB - To increase the optical interconnect transmission capacity, different multiplexing technologies, including wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), polarization division multiplexing (PolDM) and mode division multiplexing (MDM), can be utilized. Among them, MDM is a promising technique in silicon photonics (SiPh) integrated optical interconnects since higher order modes can be easily generated and preserved in SiPh waveguides. In this work, we propose and demonstrate the designs of SiPh-based bulk zigzag and sinusoidal structured MDM mode conversion devices using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. A traditional periodic zigzag structured mode converter design has many sharp zigzag angles in the periodic structure, which are very sensitive to the fabrication error. Here, first of all, we propose and demonstrate a bulk zigzag structure to achieve MDM mode conversion. The proposed bulk zigzag structure can reduce the zigzag angle error as a large number of zigzag angles in the periodic structure are eliminated. Moreover, we further improve our device by proposing a bulk sinusoidal structure to further eliminate the zigzag angle. Results show that both the proposed bulk zigzag and sinusoidal MDM mode converters can still maintain high transmissions of >86%, while the mode conversion lengths of both devices can be significantly reduced by >60% in the C-band wavelength window. In addition, as there are many degrees of freedom (DOFs) during the design of the SiPh mode converter, including the waveguide width, length, period, zigzag angle, etch depth, duty cycle, etc., the GA optimization algorithm is employed. Here, detailed implementation of the GA optimization is discussed.
KW - genetic algorithm (GA) optimization
KW - mode converter
KW - mode division multiplexing (MDM)
KW - optical interconnect
KW - silicon photonics (SiPh)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85166306717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/photonics10070759
DO - 10.3390/photonics10070759
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85166306717
SN - 2304-6732
VL - 10
JO - Photonics
JF - Photonics
IS - 7
M1 - 759
ER -