Dayside-to-nightside dust coma brightness asymmetry and its implications for nightside activity at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

S. B. Gerig*, O. Pinzón-Rodríguez, R. Marschall, Jong-Shinn Wu, N. Thomas

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

We have determined the dust coma brightness ratio between the dayside and the nightside (DS:NS) in OSIRIS images of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and compared them to results from numerical dust coma simulations to learn more about the dynamic processes that are involved in coma formation. The primary focus of this paper lies in the analysis of a subset of OSIRIS images acquired during one comet rotation on 11. April 2015 when the spacecraft was at a phase angle of 90 and therefore directly above the terminator. The DS:NS ratio was found to be 2.49 ± 0.18 on average - a very low value if insolation-driven sublimation of water dominates dust emission. We investigated two possible hypotheses: First, the influence of direct activity from non-illuminated (nightside) areas of the comet and second, the brightness contribution of large gravity-dominated particles in the innermost coma. For our numerical simulations, we used a combination of DSMC gas dynamics simulation and particle propagation by an equation of motion to simulate the dust coma. Our simulations show that direct activity from the nightside is preferred, contributing ≈ 10% of the total emission. We show that intensity profiles, used to quantify dust outflow behaviour, fit the observations better when nightside activity is present and we suggest that nightside gas emission by CO2 or CO is responsible for the observed dust flux. With the help of a simplified Keplerian modelling approach we exclude large particles on gravitationally bound or ballistic orbits from being the major contributor to the observed dust coma brightness. Additionally, we show the DS:NS ratio as a function of days to perihelion and observe that it is on a similar level as in the April OSIRIS time series from February to mid-June 2015, but increases towards a maximum of ≥4.07± 0.49 shortly after perihelion passage. We suggest that this is correlated to the increasing importance of H2O production when approaching perihelion.

Original languageEnglish
Article number113968
JournalIcarus
Volume351
DOIs
StatePublished - 15 Nov 2020

Keywords

  • Dust coma
  • Nightside activity
  • Rosetta
  • Simulation

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