Combination of indene-C₆₀ bis-adduct and cross-linked fullerene interlayer leading to highly efficient inverted polymer solar cells

A poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based inverted solar cell using indene-C₆₀ bis-adduct (ICBA) as the acceptor achieved a high open-circuit voltage of 0.82 V due to ICBA's higher-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level, leading to an exceptional power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.8%. By incorporating a cross-linked fullerene interlayer, C-PCBSD, to further modulate the interface characteristics, the ICBA:P3HT-based inverted device exhibited an improved short-circuit current and fill factor, yielding a record high PCE of 6.2%.