Characterization of Aβ aggregation mechanism probed by congo red

Chih Ching Wang, Hsien Bin Huang, Huey Jen Tsay, Ming Shi Shiao, Wen Jin Winston Wu, Yi Cheng Cheng*, Ta Hsien Lin

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregates are toxic to neuron and the main cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The role of congo red (CR) on Aβ aggregation is controversial in aqueous solution. Both prevention and promotion of Aβ aggregation have been proposed, suggesting that CR may interact with Aβ of different structural conformations resulting in different effects on Aβ aggregation behavior. CR with these characteristics can be applied to probe the molecular mechanism of Aβ aggregation. Therefore, in the present study, we used CR as a probe to study the Aβ aggregation behavior in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) condition. Our results show that Aβ40 adopts two short helices at Q15-S26 and K28-L34 in the SDS environment. CR can interact with the helical form of Aβ40, and the main interaction site is located at the first helical and hydrophobic core region, residues 17-25, which is assigned as a discordant helix region. Furthermore, CR may prevent Aβ40 undergoing α-helix to β-strand conversion, and therefore aggregation through stabilizing the helical conformation of discordant helix in SDS environment, suggesting that the discordant helix plays a key role on the conformational stabilization of Aβ. Our present study implies that any factors or molecules that can stabilize the discordant helical conformation may also prevent the Aβ aggregation in membrane associated state. This leads to a new therapeutic strategy for the development of lead compounds to AD.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)160-169
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
Volume30
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 2012

Keywords

  • Congo red
  • Discordant helix
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance
  • β-amyloid peptide

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