TY - JOUR
T1 - Cadmium, obesity, and education, and the 10-year incidence of hearing impairment
T2 - The beaver dam offspring study
AU - Dalton, Dayna S.
AU - Schubert, Carla R.
AU - Pinto, Alex
AU - Fischer, Mary E.
AU - Huang, Guan-Hua
AU - Klein, Barbara E.K.
AU - Klein, Ronald
AU - Pankow, James S.
AU - Paulsen, Adam J.
AU - Tsai, Michael Y.
AU - Tweed, Ted S.
AU - Cruickshanks, Karen J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine the 10-year incidence of hearing impairment (HI) and associated risk factors in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS; 2004–present), a large middle-aged cohort followed for 10 years. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Hearing thresholds were measured at baseline (2005–2008) and 5- (2010–2013) and 10-year (2015–2017) follow-up examinations. HI was defined as a pure-tone average >25 dB HL in either ear. BOSS participants free of HI at baseline with at least one follow-up examination (N = 2,065) were included. Potential risk factors evaluated included cardiovascular measures, health history, lifestyle factors, inflammatory markers, vitamins D and B12, lead, and cadmium. Results: Participants were 21 to 79 years (mean age = 47.9 years) at baseline. The 10-year cumulative HI incidence was 17.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.7–19.2) and was twice as likely in men (24.4%, 95% CI: 21.5–27.7) than in women (12.2%, 95% CI: 10.3–14.3). In a multivariable adjusted model, age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.38–1.59, per 5 years), male sex (HR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.91–3.18), less than a college education (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02–1.79), body mass index (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05, per kg/m2), and higher cadmium levels (HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05–1.92, quintile 5 vs. quintiles 1–4) were associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of HI. There was no association between high lead levels, vitamins D or B12, and 10-year incidence of HI. Conclusions: In addition to age and sex, obesity, education, and blood cadmium levels were associated with increased incidence of HI. These prospective results add to evidence that age-related HI is a multifactorial preventable disorder. Level of Evidence: 2b Laryngoscope, 130:1396–1401, 2020.
AB - Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine the 10-year incidence of hearing impairment (HI) and associated risk factors in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS; 2004–present), a large middle-aged cohort followed for 10 years. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Hearing thresholds were measured at baseline (2005–2008) and 5- (2010–2013) and 10-year (2015–2017) follow-up examinations. HI was defined as a pure-tone average >25 dB HL in either ear. BOSS participants free of HI at baseline with at least one follow-up examination (N = 2,065) were included. Potential risk factors evaluated included cardiovascular measures, health history, lifestyle factors, inflammatory markers, vitamins D and B12, lead, and cadmium. Results: Participants were 21 to 79 years (mean age = 47.9 years) at baseline. The 10-year cumulative HI incidence was 17.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.7–19.2) and was twice as likely in men (24.4%, 95% CI: 21.5–27.7) than in women (12.2%, 95% CI: 10.3–14.3). In a multivariable adjusted model, age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.38–1.59, per 5 years), male sex (HR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.91–3.18), less than a college education (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02–1.79), body mass index (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05, per kg/m2), and higher cadmium levels (HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05–1.92, quintile 5 vs. quintiles 1–4) were associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of HI. There was no association between high lead levels, vitamins D or B12, and 10-year incidence of HI. Conclusions: In addition to age and sex, obesity, education, and blood cadmium levels were associated with increased incidence of HI. These prospective results add to evidence that age-related HI is a multifactorial preventable disorder. Level of Evidence: 2b Laryngoscope, 130:1396–1401, 2020.
KW - Sensorineural hearing loss
KW - epidemiology
KW - midlife
KW - neurotoxins
KW - risk factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071244598&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/lary.28244
DO - 10.1002/lary.28244
M3 - Article
C2 - 31424564
AN - SCOPUS:85071244598
SN - 0023-852X
VL - 130
SP - 1396
EP - 1401
JO - Laryngoscope
JF - Laryngoscope
IS - 6
ER -
