Assessment of various conditions for the simultaneous determination of US EPA and EU priority PAHs in coffee samples and their PAHs consumption risk

Yu Fang Huang; Po Lin Liao; Yi Jun Lin; Shih Han Huang; Yi Hsieng Samuel Wu; Chia Fang Teng; Deng Jye Yang

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112947

Assessment of various conditions for the simultaneous determination of US EPA and EU priority PAHs in coffee samples and their PAHs consumption risk

Yu Fang Huang, Po Lin Liao, Yi Jun Lin, Shih Han Huang, Yi Hsieng Samuel Wu, Chia Fang Teng, Deng Jye Yang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

The optimal conditions for simultaneous determination of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and European Union (EU) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coffee beans and coffee brews were developed. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) technology combined with high performance liquid chromatography - temperature-controlled fluorescence detection and gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry were used in the investigation. PAHs could be determined in commercially available green coffee beans (possibly caused by environmental contamination), and their PAHs content increased with the degree of roasting. Coffee beans brewed with the coffee machine released more PAHs into their brews than those brewed with the drip bag. The PAHs consumption risk of the brewed coffee samples was not high due to their low PAH level. Nevertheless, the methods of roasting and brewing and the amount of drinking could still be considered to reduce the intake of PAHs.

Original language	English
Article number	112947
Journal	Food Research International
Volume	169
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112947
State	Published - Jul 2023

Keywords

Analysis
Brewing
Coffee
Extraction
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Risk assessment
Roasting

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10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112947

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@article{00a0fe761e0649b18c1a8274044025ee,

title = "Assessment of various conditions for the simultaneous determination of US EPA and EU priority PAHs in coffee samples and their PAHs consumption risk",

abstract = "The optimal conditions for simultaneous determination of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and European Union (EU) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coffee beans and coffee brews were developed. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) technology combined with high performance liquid chromatography - temperature-controlled fluorescence detection and gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry were used in the investigation. PAHs could be determined in commercially available green coffee beans (possibly caused by environmental contamination), and their PAHs content increased with the degree of roasting. Coffee beans brewed with the coffee machine released more PAHs into their brews than those brewed with the drip bag. The PAHs consumption risk of the brewed coffee samples was not high due to their low PAH level. Nevertheless, the methods of roasting and brewing and the amount of drinking could still be considered to reduce the intake of PAHs.",

keywords = "Analysis, Brewing, Coffee, Extraction, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Risk assessment, Roasting",

author = "Huang, {Yu Fang} and Liao, {Po Lin} and Lin, {Yi Jun} and Huang, {Shih Han} and {Samuel Wu}, {Yi Hsieng} and Teng, {Chia Fang} and Yang, {Deng Jye}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2023",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112947",

language = "English",

volume = "169",

journal = "Food Research International",

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T1 - Assessment of various conditions for the simultaneous determination of US EPA and EU priority PAHs in coffee samples and their PAHs consumption risk

AU - Huang, Yu Fang

AU - Liao, Po Lin

AU - Lin, Yi Jun

AU - Huang, Shih Han

AU - Samuel Wu, Yi Hsieng

AU - Teng, Chia Fang

AU - Yang, Deng Jye

PY - 2023/7

Y1 - 2023/7

N2 - The optimal conditions for simultaneous determination of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and European Union (EU) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coffee beans and coffee brews were developed. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) technology combined with high performance liquid chromatography - temperature-controlled fluorescence detection and gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry were used in the investigation. PAHs could be determined in commercially available green coffee beans (possibly caused by environmental contamination), and their PAHs content increased with the degree of roasting. Coffee beans brewed with the coffee machine released more PAHs into their brews than those brewed with the drip bag. The PAHs consumption risk of the brewed coffee samples was not high due to their low PAH level. Nevertheless, the methods of roasting and brewing and the amount of drinking could still be considered to reduce the intake of PAHs.

AB - The optimal conditions for simultaneous determination of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and European Union (EU) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coffee beans and coffee brews were developed. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) technology combined with high performance liquid chromatography - temperature-controlled fluorescence detection and gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry were used in the investigation. PAHs could be determined in commercially available green coffee beans (possibly caused by environmental contamination), and their PAHs content increased with the degree of roasting. Coffee beans brewed with the coffee machine released more PAHs into their brews than those brewed with the drip bag. The PAHs consumption risk of the brewed coffee samples was not high due to their low PAH level. Nevertheless, the methods of roasting and brewing and the amount of drinking could still be considered to reduce the intake of PAHs.

KW - Analysis

KW - Brewing

KW - Coffee

KW - Extraction

KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

KW - Risk assessment

KW - Roasting

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SN - 0963-9969

VL - 169

JO - Food Research International

JF - Food Research International

M1 - 112947

ER -

Assessment of various conditions for the simultaneous determination of US EPA and EU priority PAHs in coffee samples and their PAHs consumption risk

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Keywords

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