Adverse birth outcomes in adolescent and young adult female cancer survivors: a nationwide population-based study

Background: For female adolescent and young adult (AYA), cancer with treatments may affect their children’s health. Our aim was to determine reliable risk estimates of adverse birth outcomes in AYA cancer survivors and the differential effects of treatments. Methods: The study population of 4547 births in the AYA cancer survivor group and 45,463 in the comparison group were identified from two national databases between 2004 and 2014. Detailed maternal health conditions, such as maternal comorbidities, medication use during pregnancy and lifestyles, were adjusted in the statistical analyses. The outcomes included low birth weight, preterm labour, stillbirth, small or large for gestational age, a 5-min Apgar score <7, congenital malformation and foetal distress. Results: The AYA cancer survivor group had a 9% higher risk of overall adverse birth outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.16), especially low birth weight and preterm labour than the comparison group. The radiotherapy-only group additionally had a higher risk of foetal distress, and a 5-min Apgar score <7. Conclusion: AYA cancer survivors, especially those who have received radiotherapy, still have higher risks of adverse birth outcomes after adjusting for detailed maternal health conditions. Preconception counselling and additional surveillance may be warranted in this population.