A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells

Ting Heng Lu; Chi Wei Liu; Chuan Yi Wu; Cong Sheng Huang; Jing Siang Chen; Ling Chia Chen; Yao Wei Huang; I. Che Ou; Sook Kuan Lee; Yen Chi Chen; Po Hung Chen; Chi Te Liu; Ying Chih Liao; Yu Te Liao

doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells

Ting Heng Lu, Chi Wei Liu, Chuan Yi Wu, Cong Sheng Huang, Jing Siang Chen, Ling Chia Chen, Yao Wei Huang, I. Che Ou, Sook Kuan Lee, Yen Chi Chen, Po Hung Chen, Chi Te Liu, Ying Chih Liao, Yu Te Liao

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This paper presents an energy-autonomous wireless soil pH and electrical conductance measurement IC powered by soil microbial and photovoltaic energy. The chip integrates highly efficient dual-input, dual-output power management units, sensor readout circuits, a wireless receiver, and a transmitter. The design scavenges ambient energy with a maximal power point tracking mechanism while achieving a peak efficiency of 81.3% and the efficiency is more than 50% over the 0.05-14 mW load range. The sensor readout IC achieves a sensitivity of -8.8 kHz/pH and 6 kHz·m/S, a noise floor of 0.92 x 10^-3 pH value, and 1.4 mS/m conductance. To avoid interference, a 433 MHz transceiver incorporates chirp modulation and on–off keying (OOK) modulation for data uplink and downlink communication. The receiver sensitivity is -80 dBm, and the output transmission power is -4 dBm. The uplink data rate is 100 kb/s using burst chirp modulation and gated Class E PA, while the downlink data rate is 10 kb/s with a self-frequency tracking mixer-first receiver.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-12
Number of pages	12
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089
State	Accepted/In press - 2022

Keywords

Biomedical measurement
CMOS
Electrodes
energy harvesting
Integrated circuits
microbial energy cell
power-efficient
readout IC
Soil
Soil measurements
soil monitoring
Wireless communication
Wireless sensor networks

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

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Lu, T. H., Liu, C. W., Wu, C. Y., Huang, C. S., Chen, J. S., Chen, L. C., Huang, Y. W., Ou, I. C., Lee, S. K., Chen, Y. C., Chen, P. H., Liu, C. T., Liao, Y. C., & Liao, Y. T. (Accepted/In press). A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

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title = "A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells",

abstract = "This paper presents an energy-autonomous wireless soil pH and electrical conductance measurement IC powered by soil microbial and photovoltaic energy. The chip integrates highly efficient dual-input, dual-output power management units, sensor readout circuits, a wireless receiver, and a transmitter. The design scavenges ambient energy with a maximal power point tracking mechanism while achieving a peak efficiency of 81.3% and the efficiency is more than 50% over the 0.05-14 mW load range. The sensor readout IC achieves a sensitivity of -8.8 kHz/pH and 6 kHz·m/S, a noise floor of 0.92 x 10-3 pH value, and 1.4 mS/m conductance. To avoid interference, a 433 MHz transceiver incorporates chirp modulation and on–off keying (OOK) modulation for data uplink and downlink communication. The receiver sensitivity is -80 dBm, and the output transmission power is -4 dBm. The uplink data rate is 100 kb/s using burst chirp modulation and gated Class E PA, while the downlink data rate is 10 kb/s with a self-frequency tracking mixer-first receiver.",

keywords = "Biomedical measurement, CMOS, Electrodes, energy harvesting, Integrated circuits, microbial energy cell, power-efficient, readout IC, Soil, Soil measurements, soil monitoring, Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks",

author = "Lu, {Ting Heng} and Liu, {Chi Wei} and Wu, {Chuan Yi} and Huang, {Cong Sheng} and Chen, {Jing Siang} and Chen, {Ling Chia} and Huang, {Yao Wei} and Ou, {I. Che} and Lee, {Sook Kuan} and Chen, {Yen Chi} and Chen, {Po Hung} and Liu, {Chi Te} and Liao, {Ying Chih} and Liao, {Yu Te}",

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year = "2022",

doi = "10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089",

language = "English",

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journal = "IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems",

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AU - Lu, Ting Heng

AU - Liu, Chi Wei

AU - Wu, Chuan Yi

AU - Huang, Cong Sheng

AU - Chen, Jing Siang

AU - Chen, Ling Chia

AU - Huang, Yao Wei

AU - Ou, I. Che

AU - Lee, Sook Kuan

AU - Chen, Yen Chi

AU - Chen, Po Hung

AU - Liu, Chi Te

AU - Liao, Ying Chih

AU - Liao, Yu Te

N1 - Publisher Copyright: IEEE

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - This paper presents an energy-autonomous wireless soil pH and electrical conductance measurement IC powered by soil microbial and photovoltaic energy. The chip integrates highly efficient dual-input, dual-output power management units, sensor readout circuits, a wireless receiver, and a transmitter. The design scavenges ambient energy with a maximal power point tracking mechanism while achieving a peak efficiency of 81.3% and the efficiency is more than 50% over the 0.05-14 mW load range. The sensor readout IC achieves a sensitivity of -8.8 kHz/pH and 6 kHz·m/S, a noise floor of 0.92 x 10-3 pH value, and 1.4 mS/m conductance. To avoid interference, a 433 MHz transceiver incorporates chirp modulation and on–off keying (OOK) modulation for data uplink and downlink communication. The receiver sensitivity is -80 dBm, and the output transmission power is -4 dBm. The uplink data rate is 100 kb/s using burst chirp modulation and gated Class E PA, while the downlink data rate is 10 kb/s with a self-frequency tracking mixer-first receiver.

AB - This paper presents an energy-autonomous wireless soil pH and electrical conductance measurement IC powered by soil microbial and photovoltaic energy. The chip integrates highly efficient dual-input, dual-output power management units, sensor readout circuits, a wireless receiver, and a transmitter. The design scavenges ambient energy with a maximal power point tracking mechanism while achieving a peak efficiency of 81.3% and the efficiency is more than 50% over the 0.05-14 mW load range. The sensor readout IC achieves a sensitivity of -8.8 kHz/pH and 6 kHz·m/S, a noise floor of 0.92 x 10-3 pH value, and 1.4 mS/m conductance. To avoid interference, a 433 MHz transceiver incorporates chirp modulation and on–off keying (OOK) modulation for data uplink and downlink communication. The receiver sensitivity is -80 dBm, and the output transmission power is -4 dBm. The uplink data rate is 100 kb/s using burst chirp modulation and gated Class E PA, while the downlink data rate is 10 kb/s with a self-frequency tracking mixer-first receiver.

KW - Biomedical measurement

KW - CMOS

KW - Electrodes

KW - energy harvesting

KW - Integrated circuits

KW - microbial energy cell

KW - power-efficient

KW - readout IC

KW - Soil

KW - Soil measurements

KW - soil monitoring

KW - Wireless communication

KW - Wireless sensor networks

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AN - SCOPUS:85142822670

SN - 1932-4545

SP - 1

EP - 12

JO - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

JF - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

ER -

A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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