A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells

Ting Heng Lu; Chi Wei Liu; Chuan Yi Wu; Cong Sheng Huang; Jing Siang Chen; Ling Chia Chen; Yao Wei Huang; I. Che Ou; Sook Kuan Lee; Yen Chi Chen; Po Hung Chen; Chi Te Liu; Ying Chih Liao; Yu Te Liao

doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells

Ting Heng Lu, Chi Wei Liu, Chuan Yi Wu, Cong Sheng Huang, Jing Siang Chen, Ling Chia Chen, Yao Wei Huang, I. Che Ou, Sook Kuan Lee, Yen Chi Chen, Po Hung Chen, Chi Te Liu, Ying Chih Liao, Yu Te Liao

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper presents an energy-autonomous wireless soil pH and electrical conductance measurement IC powered by soil microbial and photovoltaic energy. The chip integrates highly efficient dual-input, dual-output power management units, sensor readout circuits, a wireless receiver, and a transmitter. The design scavenges ambient energy with a maximal power point tracking mechanism while achieving a peak efficiency of 81.3% and the efficiency is more than 50% over the 0.05-14 mW load range. The sensor readout IC achieves a sensitivity of-8.8 kHz/pH and 6 kHz·m/S, a noise floor of 0.92 x 10-3 pH value, and 1.4 mS/m conductance. To avoid interference, a 433 MHz transceiver incorporates chirp modulation and on-off keying (OOK) modulation for data uplink and downlink communication. The receiver sensitivity is-80 dBm, and the output transmission power is-4 dBm. The uplink data rate is 100 kb/s using burst chirp modulation and gated Class E PA, while the downlink data rate is 10 kb/s with a self-frequency tracking mixer-first receiver.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1008-1020
Number of pages	13
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
Volume	16
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089
State	Published - 1 Dec 2022

Keywords

CMOS
energy harvesting
microbial energy cell
power-efficient
readout IC
soil monitoring

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

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Lu, T. H., Liu, C. W., Wu, C. Y., Huang, C. S., Chen, J. S., Chen, L. C., Huang, Y. W., Ou, I. C., Lee, S. K., Chen, Y. C., Chen, P. H., Liu, C. T., Liao, Y. C., & Liao, Y. T. (2022). A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 16(6), 1008-1020. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

@article{45448124f84a45ea84851eb0c215b37a,

title = "A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells",

abstract = "This paper presents an energy-autonomous wireless soil pH and electrical conductance measurement IC powered by soil microbial and photovoltaic energy. The chip integrates highly efficient dual-input, dual-output power management units, sensor readout circuits, a wireless receiver, and a transmitter. The design scavenges ambient energy with a maximal power point tracking mechanism while achieving a peak efficiency of 81.3% and the efficiency is more than 50% over the 0.05-14 mW load range. The sensor readout IC achieves a sensitivity of-8.8 kHz/pH and 6 kHz·m/S, a noise floor of 0.92 x 10-3 pH value, and 1.4 mS/m conductance. To avoid interference, a 433 MHz transceiver incorporates chirp modulation and on-off keying (OOK) modulation for data uplink and downlink communication. The receiver sensitivity is-80 dBm, and the output transmission power is-4 dBm. The uplink data rate is 100 kb/s using burst chirp modulation and gated Class E PA, while the downlink data rate is 10 kb/s with a self-frequency tracking mixer-first receiver.",

keywords = "CMOS, energy harvesting, microbial energy cell, power-efficient, readout IC, soil monitoring",

author = "Lu, {Ting Heng} and Liu, {Chi Wei} and Wu, {Chuan Yi} and Huang, {Cong Sheng} and Chen, {Jing Siang} and Chen, {Ling Chia} and Huang, {Yao Wei} and Ou, {I. Che} and Lee, {Sook Kuan} and Chen, {Yen Chi} and Chen, {Po Hung} and Liu, {Chi Te} and Liao, {Ying Chih} and Liao, {Yu Te}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: IEEE",

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day = "1",

doi = "10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089",

language = "English",

volume = "16",

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Lu, TH, Liu, CW, Wu, CY, Huang, CS, Chen, JS, Chen, LC, Huang, YW, Ou, IC, Lee, SK, Chen, YC, Chen, PH, Liu, CT, Liao, YC & Liao, YT 2022, 'A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1008-1020. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

TY - JOUR

T1 - A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells

AU - Lu, Ting Heng

AU - Liu, Chi Wei

AU - Wu, Chuan Yi

AU - Huang, Cong Sheng

AU - Chen, Jing Siang

AU - Chen, Ling Chia

AU - Huang, Yao Wei

AU - Ou, I. Che

AU - Lee, Sook Kuan

AU - Chen, Yen Chi

AU - Chen, Po Hung

AU - Liu, Chi Te

AU - Liao, Ying Chih

AU - Liao, Yu Te

N1 - Publisher Copyright: IEEE

PY - 2022/12/1

Y1 - 2022/12/1

N2 - This paper presents an energy-autonomous wireless soil pH and electrical conductance measurement IC powered by soil microbial and photovoltaic energy. The chip integrates highly efficient dual-input, dual-output power management units, sensor readout circuits, a wireless receiver, and a transmitter. The design scavenges ambient energy with a maximal power point tracking mechanism while achieving a peak efficiency of 81.3% and the efficiency is more than 50% over the 0.05-14 mW load range. The sensor readout IC achieves a sensitivity of-8.8 kHz/pH and 6 kHz·m/S, a noise floor of 0.92 x 10-3 pH value, and 1.4 mS/m conductance. To avoid interference, a 433 MHz transceiver incorporates chirp modulation and on-off keying (OOK) modulation for data uplink and downlink communication. The receiver sensitivity is-80 dBm, and the output transmission power is-4 dBm. The uplink data rate is 100 kb/s using burst chirp modulation and gated Class E PA, while the downlink data rate is 10 kb/s with a self-frequency tracking mixer-first receiver.

AB - This paper presents an energy-autonomous wireless soil pH and electrical conductance measurement IC powered by soil microbial and photovoltaic energy. The chip integrates highly efficient dual-input, dual-output power management units, sensor readout circuits, a wireless receiver, and a transmitter. The design scavenges ambient energy with a maximal power point tracking mechanism while achieving a peak efficiency of 81.3% and the efficiency is more than 50% over the 0.05-14 mW load range. The sensor readout IC achieves a sensitivity of-8.8 kHz/pH and 6 kHz·m/S, a noise floor of 0.92 x 10-3 pH value, and 1.4 mS/m conductance. To avoid interference, a 433 MHz transceiver incorporates chirp modulation and on-off keying (OOK) modulation for data uplink and downlink communication. The receiver sensitivity is-80 dBm, and the output transmission power is-4 dBm. The uplink data rate is 100 kb/s using burst chirp modulation and gated Class E PA, while the downlink data rate is 10 kb/s with a self-frequency tracking mixer-first receiver.

KW - CMOS

KW - energy harvesting

KW - microbial energy cell

KW - power-efficient

KW - readout IC

KW - soil monitoring

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U2 - 10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

DO - 10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3222089

M3 - Article

C2 - 36374872

AN - SCOPUS:85142822670

SN - 1932-4545

VL - 16

SP - 1008

EP - 1020

JO - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

JF - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

IS - 6

ER -

A Wireless Soil pH and Conductance Monitoring Chip Powered by Soil Microbial and Photovoltaic Energy Cells

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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