@inproceedings{0b72aaa59fa94d5c874e0e10331c1786,
title = "A Lookup Table for Deficiency Number Calculation in Mahjong",
abstract = "In the game of Mahjong, the deficiency number is an important metric to judge the quality of a given hand. Calculating this number on-the-fly using traditional methods, such as depth-first search, is time consuming. In this paper, we propose a formula for the deficiency number and design a greedy method to build a lookup table in advance, allowing for more efficient calculations. While using these tables, we introduce two methods to handle some special cases, named hidden tiles and pseudo-meld prioritization. By applying these methods, we ensure the correctness when using these tables. The experimental results show a speedup of 121.2 times compared to VeryLongCat and 6868.9 times compared to Botzone.",
keywords = "Deficiency Number, Lookup Table, Mahjong",
author = "Tang, \{Shih Chieh\} and Chen, \{Jr Chang\} and Wu, \{I. Chen\}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.; 29th International Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, TAAI 2024 ; Conference date: 06-12-2024 Through 07-12-2024",
year = "2025",
doi = "10.1007/978-981-96-4589-3\_12",
language = "English",
isbn = "9789819645886",
series = "Communications in Computer and Information Science",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
pages = "168--177",
editor = "Wei-Ta Chu and Chih-Ya Shen and Hong-Han Shuai",
booktitle = "Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence - 29th International Conference, TAAI 2024, Proceedings",
address = "德國",
}