以空間訊息探討籃球的進攻結構型態

In basketball games, the attacking space of the players it meant the position as them shot the ball. The purpose of the study was to use the principal component analysis (PCA) to identify and compare the offensive spatial structure in basketball games based on the shooting and scoring zones between winning and losing teams. Methods: All games (n = 32) from 2012-2014 Taiwanese University Basketball Association (UBA) men's division ɪ were recorded and a total of 5,296 shootings were analyzed. The court was divided into five zones (A1: the lane, A2: 2-point high zone, A3: 2-point low zone, A4: 3-point high zone, A5: 3-point low zone). Two independent observers recorded all the shots and the Cohen's Kappa for intra and inter-rater reliability was 0.9 and 0.78, respectively. PCA was performed on the shooting zones and scoring zones for the winning teams and losing teams. Results: (1) In the main shooting aspect, winning and losing teams had similar offensive structure strategy in composing of the lane and 3-point zones. The difference was the secondary offensive style in the perimeter area attacking. (2) The results from the main scoring aspect also showed that similar spatial structure for the winners and losers where both the lane and the 3-point high zone had the highest contributions. (3) The association between offensive style and scoring model showed that scoring areas in winning teams were the results of different independent offensive styles. There was no complementary relationship between each offensive style. The scoring areas in losing team were the results of the reaction by the offensive styles. It had complementary relationship in attacking areas and showed the limitation on the scoring distribution. Conclusions: Generally speaking, both winning teams and losing teams had similar offensive spatial structure in terms of the shooting and scoring deployment. The application of winning team in composing attacking zones was more flexible and efficient.